Have you ever seen the roads in India?

I've seen them online.

The scene is usually like this: a sedan blocked behind a cow, motorcycles running wild nearby, even milk tea vendors nearby, so "clean and hygienic".

However, in a place where many feel physically uncomfortable after watching, Toyota, Suzuki, Honda and other Japanese car companies decided to bet on India.

According to the Indian "Brand Quality Foundation" website, the three car companies will invest nearly $11 billion to build factories, increase capacity, and develop exports in India.

Some netizens commented: Did the three Japanese car companies have too much money?

In fact, they didn't have endless money to spend, nor were they bewildered by Indian curry. These Japanese car executives are much clearer than us.

Current Japanese car revenue and market share are declining. Raw material costs are soaring. Looking at the world map, finding a market that can accommodate capacity, expand share, and has gentle competition is not easy.

So, it wasn't that Japanese car companies chose India, but because they had no choice.

The Pain of Japanese Car Companies

Past Japanese cars were truly the envy of others.

Ask old drivers who drove Japanese cars over ten years ago, talking about Japanese cars, almost no one doesn't give a thumbs up, cheap price, fuel saving, durable...

Even many Japanese cars needed to be bought at a markup, but who would think this iron fortress would be beaten out of sight in a few short years.

With the wave of new energy vehicles coming, electrification and intelligence became the goal for many domestic car companies to "leapfrog". Relying on China's strong new energy vehicle industry chain advantages and car companies' own persistence on R&D and technology, Chinese independent brands quickly achieved "leapfrogging".

Domestic cars once criticized are now becoming more and more common on the roads, even surpassing joint ventures in share.

According to CPCA data, in April 2026, the share of independent brands reached as high as 62.5%, far exceeding Japan's 13.1%.

You need to know, the Chinese car market is the largest car market in the world. Losing speed in the Chinese market is like losing a huge piece of cake.

Meanwhile, the main theme of the Chinese market in recent years is still price wars. Racing on configuration, price, and service has become a normal state, which also had a huge impact on Japanese cars' profits.

Apart from China, Japanese cars are also not doing well in the US.

On January 20, 2025, Trump swore in as the 47th US President, starting a series of chaotic operations, including imposing additional car tariffs in the name of national security, causing the tariff rate for imported Japanese cars to reach as high as 27.5% at one point. Although it decreased later, it was still far higher than the initial tax rate.

This operation directly led to a tariff loss of over 2 trillion yen for seven Japanese car companies in fiscal year 2025.

Looking at Japan itself, it is actually not easy either.

Middle East geopolitical conflicts blocked shipping in the Strait of Hormuz, transportation costs and raw material costs soared, Japanese car companies also had to suffer in silence.

Executives looking at the reports, their backs went cold, only to find a new growth curve.

So, Japanese car companies didn't fall in love with India, there was nowhere else to go.

Deep Thought on Choosing India

So, what magic does India have, to make Japanese car companies invest heavily?

The first advantage is big. In 2025, the Indian car market achieved 5.517 million new car sales, up 6% year-on-year, breaking the historical record, ranking as the third largest car market in the world, exceeding Japan for four consecutive years, second only to China and the United States.

The value of this doesn't need me to say much. India achieved this result mainly because India has been promoting tax reduction policies to promote consumption, which led to a significant increase in domestic consumption willingness.

The second advantage is close, meaning it is close to places where Japanese cars sell well, such as Africa.

So, India for Japanese car companies is more like a convenience store built in the center of a crossroad. You don't need to ship cars to eight countries separately, just build well at this stop in India, then unload ship by ship, and you can save a lot of costs.

The Nikkei also believes that India is expected to become its global car supply center.

The third advantage is stability. You know, Japanese cars' advantage is fuel cars, after all, the three major components of engines, gearboxes, and chassis, they have played for many years, technology accumulation is number one in the world.

But the Chinese car market has fully promoted electrification and intelligence development, leading to Japanese cars' advantage becoming weaker and weaker, impossible to play out. But India is different, it has the characteristics of few charging piles and slow electrification process. Indian old people buying cars still look for cheap, fuel saving, easy to fix, and these three points are exactly Japanese cars' old trade.

Especially Suzuki, always been India's car market evergreen, almost always sitting on the best-selling model throne, reputation of being worry-free, better than any advertisement.

So, Japanese car companies' vigorous layout of the Indian market is obviously carefully considered.

But, is the Indian market really that easy to mix?

The Hard-to-Bite Indian Market

Of course, India is not perfect like a hot commodity, its disadvantages are as obvious as its advantages, and every one is enough for Japanese car companies to face a hard time.

First talk about electrification. Yes, right now India has few charging piles and electric cars don't sell well, it is indeed a shelter for Japanese fuel cars. But you have to think, how long can this "shelter" avoid?

India previously shouted the slogan of 30% of new cars being electric vehicles by 2030. Although it sounds like bragging, but can't help but they really give subsidies, really build charging stations.

Imagine, what if one day India suddenly wakes up, starts vigorously promoting electrification, doing infrastructure, charging piles popping out like mushrooms after rain, then Japanese cars will be dumbfounded?

Isn't this a version of the Thai market?

Back then Japanese cars in Thailand won easily. The entire Southeast Asian market was called Japanese cars' backyard. Result Thailand took the lead in promoting electrification. Chinese electric vehicles came in, directly became a hot commodity. Look at Japanese cars again, share in Thailand falling down rapidly.

If India accelerates electrification, history will likely repeat, and this time, Japanese cars don't even have a place to flee, how to prevent will become the first problem for Japanese car companies.

Next talk about policy. India's policy is like a pot of curry, you never know if you will eat chicken or potato next time.

This magical country, today low tariff encourages building factories, tomorrow may fine you a huge amount. What's more annoying is mandatory joint venture. Foreign car companies want to sell cars in India, have to find local partners to partner up. When your factory is built, supply chain is done, India directly backstabs you. At that time whether adding money or withdrawing capital, what you get is heartache.

So you see, this market like India is like a mango that looks very sweet, bite the first mouth it's okay, chew two more mouths hit the hard core.

Japanese cars now is calculating, while the core hasn't bit the tooth, hurry up to nibble a few more mouths, but the core will bite sooner or later, just don't know which day.

Epilogue

Japanese cars this trip to India, not go for tourism, is go to make a living.

Chinese and Southeast Asian dining tables are more crowded, production and transportation costs have risen. Looking around the world, only this pot in India is still steaming, even if what is boiling inside is curry-flavored stones, have to bite hard and chew down.

Japanese car companies want to expand market, India wants to pull economy, solve employment, both sides have their own thoughts.

As for the ending is Japanese cars in India regain their glory, or like past competitors shamefully walk away, then is not known.

But no matter how, this play just started, we slowly watch is okay.

Anyway India's story, never bored.

When the narrative of sheer scale in the Chinese New Energy Passenger Car Market is no longer persuasive, a more severe question arises: Where lies the value foundation of the industry?

Looking at the sales data for April alone, it seems everything is "growing upwards": The retail penetration rate of Chinese new energy vehicles historically broke through 60%, reaching 61.4%, meaning for every 10 new cars sold, more than 6 are new energy vehicles.

However, a set of less-than-ideal data echoed in the industry at the same time: In 2025, domestic car sales exceeded 34.4 million units, but the overall profit margin of China's automotive industry during the same period was only 4.1%.

"It looks like scale is growing, but the industry's overall health faces challenges." Wang Hui, Vice President of Avatr Technology, cited data from the CPCA, and in January-February 2026, this figure dropped further to 2.9%.

The latest data shared by Cui Dongshu, Secretary-General of the CPCA Passenger Car Section, shows that in January-March 2026, the automotive industry's profit margin fell to 3.2%, at a low level for the same period in recent years. The automotive industry's profit margin is not only significantly lower than the average profit margin of national industrial enterprises above designated size, but it is also approaching the break-even point for operations for the vast majority of vehicle manufacturers.

When a penetration rate of 61.4% collides with a profit margin of 2.9%, it forms a very fractured industrial landscape: China's automotive industry is speeding ahead on the road of "getting bigger", but is stumbling on the road of "getting stronger".

At the Shenzhen 2026 (4th) Future Automotive Pioneer Conference, these "pioneers" gave some answers and posed deeper questions.

Image Source: Future Automotive Pioneer Conference

Sales Are Rising, Profits Are Falling?

Since 2026, China's automotive market has presented a seemingly contradictory yet established picture.

On one hand, the surge of new energy vehicles is unstoppable. Data from the CPCA Passenger Car Section shows that in April 2026, domestic new energy passenger car retail reached 849,000 units, the penetration rate historically broke through 60%, reaching 61.4%, an increase of 9.7 percentage points compared to the same period in 2025, setting a historical record for monthly penetration in the domestic car market.

Among these, the performance of independent brands was particularly eye-catching. In April, the new energy penetration rate within independent brands reached 80.1%, while the new energy penetration rate among luxury vehicles was only 26.1%. Chinese brands already hold a dominant position in the new energy market.

On the other hand, profit margins for vehicle manufacturers are being compressed sharply. From 4.1% in 2025 to 2.9% in the first two months of 2026, this downward curve is concerning.

Just looking at the absolute value of profit, the total profit of the automotive industry in January-March 2026 was 78.4 billion yuan, a 18% year-over-year decrease. Facing this figure, Wang Hui's remarks at the conference appeared particularly sharp: "Sales without profit are fake sales; scale achieved through price wars is even more of a false prosperity."

Image Source: Future Automotive Pioneer Conference

"Selling more while losing more" has turned from a joke into a ruthless reality.

Investigating the reasons, large-scale "price wars" are undoubtedly the most direct catalyst.

Since 2025, the industry has seen the slogan "Electricity is cheaper than fuel", followed by various companies catching up. Lowering prices is no longer news. But the more fundamental problem is that when all car manufacturers have high convergence in technical routes and product configurations: 800V high-voltage platforms, AI voice large models, and end-to-end intelligent driving become standard configurations, price becomes the only differentiated competitive means, and profits are eroded layer by layer.

Xu Jun, Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Leapmotor, analyzed: "A range of 700 kilometers versus 1000 kilometers, user perception difference approaches zero, yet costs rise exponentially. Compute power from 30 TOPS to 1000 TOPS, experience difference is far smaller than parameters."

Image Source: Future Automotive Pioneer Conference

He therefore believes that specs so far are just a basic entry ticket, not the deciding factor.

Behind Xu Jun's viewpoint is a trend worth reflection: When automotive technology enters a "convergence period", the architecture of centralized computing + regional controllers is converging, end-to-end intelligent driving solutions are becoming identical, and AI solutions for smart cockpits are becoming increasingly similar, making it increasingly difficult to build differentiated competitiveness relying on technical parameters.

The weight of brand attention in user purchase decisions is rising significantly.

Nio Founder Li Bin revealed the latest research data from McKinsey: One or two years ago, brand was only ranked fifth among purchase decision factors, now it has jumped to second, "believes it will soon enter the top spot".

Image Source: Future Automotive Pioneer Conference

When brands begin to become the "deciding factor", China's automotive industry's technological dividend is quickly turning into brand dividends, while brand reconstruction and construction are far more difficult and test fortitude more than stacking parameters.

Who is Trying to Break the Negative Growth Curse?

Against the background of declining industry profit margins, not all enterprises have fallen into the mud of "revenue growth without profit growth".

At this conference, a few "dark horses" used solid data to prove a possibility: Chinese brands can not only sell at higher prices, but also make profits back.

Xing Xinchu, Chairman of Jianghuai Automobile Group, disclosed in his speech that since Maextro S800 launched in May 2025, cumulative deliveries have exceeded 18,500 units, ranking first in luxury sedan sales above 700,000 yuan for 8 consecutive months.

Image Source: Future Automotive Pioneer Conference

From the perspective of price segments, million-level Chinese luxury cars surpassing century-old luxury brands was almost unimaginable five years ago.

Xing Xinchu attributed this to the path choice of "redefining luxury with technology": "The Maextro brand is not simply copying the development path of traditional luxury cars, but rewriting the narrative paradigm of ultra-luxury car brands with technological innovation."

Nio represents another path worth examining.

On June 1st, Nio announced the latest delivery data: Deliveries in May totaled 37,705 units, a significant year-over-year increase of 62.3%, and a month-over-month increase of 28.4%, setting a new record for single-month deliveries in the brand's history.

The main brand "Nio" delivered 20,013 units, a 50.8% year-over-year increase; the brand "Onvo" positioning the family market performed particularly well, delivering 12,029 units, a 91.5% year-over-year surge, and a month-over-month increase of up to 124.8%; the new brand "Firefly" delivered 5,663 units, a 53.9% year-over-year increase.

From January to May this year, Nio's cumulative new car deliveries have reached 150,526 units, a 68.7% year-over-year increase. At this point, Nio's historical cumulative deliveries officially broke through the 1.14 million mark, reaching 1,148,118 units.

Regarding financial reports, in Q1 this year, Nio's total revenue was 25.53 billion yuan, a 112.2% year-over-year increase, exceeding the revenue guidance upper limit of 24.48 billion to 25.18 billion yuan previously given by the company; total gross profit was 4.86 billion yuan, a 428.4% year-over-year significant increase; the company's comprehensive gross margin reached 19.0%, the highest in four years. Vehicle gross margin was 18.8%, growing quarter-over-quarter for four consecutive quarters, also the highest in four years. Other sales gross margin was 20.6%, also the best level in four years.

Regarding net loss, Q1 net loss narrowed to 332.1 million yuan, significantly narrowing from the net loss of 6.75 billion yuan at the same period last year. As of the end of Q1, Nio's cash reserves increased to 48.2 billion yuan, achieving positive operating cash flow for three consecutive quarters.

In Q1 2026, Nio brand's average transaction price reached 390,000 yuan, 50,000 yuan higher than BMW and 130,000 yuan higher than Audi.

Behind this price difference is a qualitative change in brand premium capability.

No less coincidentally, data shows that the average transaction price of the HIMA全系 series vehicles has remained stable at 390,000 yuan, ranking first in the average transaction price of Chinese car brands for several consecutive months, with performance in some periods surpassing traditional luxury brands.

In segmented brands, the AITO brand's average transaction price reached as high as 409,000 yuan, flagship model AITO M9 cumulative deliveries exceeded 280,000 units, ranking first in 500,000-level luxury SUV sales for 21 consecutive months. The Maextro brand positioning the ultra-luxury market also performed strongly, the first model Maextro S800 price range 708,000 - 1,018,000 yuan, deliveries exceeded 17,000 units in 11 months since launch, ranking first in ultra-luxury sedans above 700,000 yuan for 8 consecutive months, single-month sales even exceeding the total sales of multiple traditional top luxury sedans.

Image Source: Future Automotive Pioneer Conference

The logic behind these brands rising against the trend in price wars is not accidental: First, deep understanding of user value rather than simple spec stacking, second, extreme investment in new technologies forming tech premiums, third, forming systemic capabilities in manufacturing, supply chain, and quality, fourth, deep synergy with partners like Huawei forming technological leadership.

However, analyzing the financial performance of the above brands more deeply, a thought-provoking question emerges: Will the existence of these high-price, high-profit brands change the trend of the automotive industry's profit margin overall?

The answer may not be optimistic. Although Maextro S800, Nio ES8/ES9, and AITO M9 have achieved impressive results in their respective price segments, their share of overall industry sales remains limited.

In other words, the "local breakthrough" of high-endization has not yet reversed the "overall predicament" of the entire industry.

For most independent brands, the average car price is still below 150,000 yuan, and the main battlefield of price wars continues intensely in the mid-to-low-end market.

When most players are still struggling at the loss line, a few successful high-end brands cannot support the entire industry's profitability level.

The true test of China's automotive industry moving "from big to strong" is not whether it can produce one or two products that can rival the Mercedes-Benz S-Class, but whether it can achieve high-quality value creation universally across all categories and price segments.

Mercedes-Benz Sales in China Dropped 27%, Can Chinese Cars Smile Overseas?

When the smoke of price wars rises and falls in the domestic market, the overseas market is becoming China's new "second battlefield" for the next round of competition.

At this conference, multiple guests elaborated in-depth on the strategic layout and direction of China's automotive globalization. If domestic competition is about fierce struggle in the existing stock market, then global competition is a long-term bet on the incremental market.

Avatr's globalization practice provides a highly representative sample.

Wang Hui disclosed in the speech that Avatr has entered more than 40 countries and regions. Avatr 11's starting price in China is about 290,000 yuan, but overseas it is close to 450,000 yuan.

"In Thailand, we firmly hold the #1 spot in luxury electric SUV sales, and in Dubai we occupy 10% of the local high-end electric vehicle market share." Wang Hui said, "At the end of this year, we will officially enter Europe. Although we have been in overseas markets for about a year and a half, we have already achieved stable profitability. So future globalization is something that must be done."

Wang Hui also revealed the brand strategy of sponsoring the Portugal national team in the interview session. He stated that Avatr's main products in Europe will fully enter Europe in November and December. He will go to Europe to communicate with partners in multiple countries. "Sponsoring the Portugal national team is just one of our actions at the Europe brand level. What we adhere to in Europe including globally is long-termism. Besides the brand side and product side, greater resource investment is in the service side, system side, and construction of operational capabilities."

Geely's globalization layout is more macroscopic and systematic.

Geely Automobile Group Vice President Li Chuanghai pointed out that the "most essential thing about China's automotive globalization is not low-price volume, but technology as the root, system as the foundation, brand as the soul, ultimately completing globalization from selling cars to defining the future of cars".

Image Source: Future Automotive Pioneer Conference

He introduced that Geely has operated globalization business for 20 years, owning 5 R&D centers, 16 test bases, with deep integration of local partners in Europe, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Latin America, and Eastern Europe. Geely has participated in co-building international standards and is the first Asian car manufacturer in IATF with board voting rights.

In the dimension of car exports, data from April 2026 also provides an important reference.

In April 2026, car exports reached 901,000 units, a 74.4% year-over-year increase, among which new energy vehicle exports increased by more than double year-over-year, reaching 430,000 units. The overseas market has become the most important incremental engine for China's automotive industry.

However, while export growth is gratifying, a comparative data worth examining is: In Q1 2026, Mercedes-Benz Group sales in China were 111,600 units, a 26.9% year-over-year decrease, becoming the region with the most significant decline among its major global markets. Meanwhile, financial reports showed Mercedes-Benz Q1 revenue was 31.602 billion euros, a 4.9% year-over-year decrease; net profit was 1.433 billion euros, a 17.2% decrease; global sales were 499,700 units, a 6% year-over-year decrease.

This set of numbers reflects both the challenges Mercedes-Benz encountered in the China market, and poses a question: When Chinese brands take root in the overseas market, in what posture will they face global competition?

Chinese cars are replicating the dilemma BBA faced in China's domestic market: When local brands continuously conquer territory through technological advantages and high cost-performance ratios, powerful international brands may also encounter strong counterattacks from local brands in other markets.

When Mercedes-Benz China Senior R&D Executive VP Drummond Jacoy was asked how he views China's new luxury brands, his answer was cautious yet with a hint of urgency: "China has many very excellent brands and products, I respect them very much. We are vigorously embracing technological innovation, continuously learning, and blending cutting-edge technology with brand accumulation."

Image Source: Future Automotive Pioneer Conference

He particularly emphasized that Mercedes-Benz has already carried out deep cooperation with Chinese tech companies in China, from ByteDance and Tencent to Momenta, from Amap to Spark, Mercedes-Benz is trying to narrow the intelligent technology gap with China's local enterprises in unprecedented ways.

This just reveals the new trend of global competition: The battlefield has expanded from China's domestic market to the global market, and the core focus of competition has evolved from single-product competition to all-round competition covering technology, ecosystem, supply chain, and brand.

In Li Chuanghai's words: "Going out is not difficult, standing firm, integrating, and taking root is the real skill."

True globalization is by no means simply copying domestic products and price models overseas, but achieving deep and comprehensive integration from capital to technology, from standards to supply chain.

Leapmotor's strategic layout also echoes this judgment. Leapmotor Founder Zhu Jiangming once publicly disclosed Leapmotor's globalization goals. Zhu Jiangming believes the first step is to achieve a "40-60 split", China accounting for 60%, overseas accounting for 40%; next, strive for a "50-50 split"; the most ideal state is "reverse 40-60". If China's automotive global share can achieve 40% domestic and 60% overseas, that is the best state of true globalization.

From "selling products" to "building systems", this is the threshold China's automotive globalization must cross. In the next three to five years, whoever can first form a viable and sustainable profit model in the overseas market will seize the initiative in the long-term race of globalization.

Conclusion: Car Manufacturers Must Make Money

Back to this conference's theme — "Climbing Steps".

China's automotive industry has completed a leap from catching up to leading in 20 years. There are no short cuts on this road, every step is trodden out. But today, China's automotive industry faces an awkward dilemma: Its achievements in volume have reached the peak, global largest car producer, global largest new energy market, globally leading intelligent technology cluster, but breakthroughs in quality are only just beginning to show signs in local areas.

Industry profit margins dropping through 3.2% means the red light for industry health has already lit up.

When most enterprises have exhausted profits in price wars, who will still have enough funds to invest in R&D for next-gen technology, brand reconstruction, and globalization expansion?

From Wang Hui's "Sales without profit are fake sales", to Xu Jun's "Everyone can lower prices, cutting costs is the real skill", to Li Chuanghai's "Keeping direction in the no-man's land", the most valuable consensus of this conference might just be this common sense as simple as it is: The competition of the automotive industry is a war of attrition, not a blitzkrieg.

As Xing Xinchu said: "On the road of breakthrough in high-endization of Chinese brands, there are no lone heroes, only symbiotic evolution."

When the penetration rate of 61.4% and the profit margin of 3.2% are written on this page of the industrial picture at the same time, the answer is already clear enough: China's automotive industry must move from pursuing "getting bigger" to a new stage of "getting stronger".

The issue is not whether it can sell cars to the million-level, but when the price war burns out the last bit of profit, whether the entire industry can still stand steadily on every step of "Climbing Steps".

Have you ever seen the roads in India?

I've seen them online.

The scene is usually like this: a sedan blocked behind a cow, motorcycles running wild nearby, even milk tea vendors nearby, so "clean and hygienic".

However, in a place where many feel physically uncomfortable after watching, Toyota, Suzuki, Honda and other Japanese car companies decided to bet on India.

According to the Indian "Brand Quality Foundation" website, the three car companies will invest nearly $11 billion to build factories, increase capacity, and develop exports in India.

Some netizens commented: Did the three Japanese car companies have too much money?

In fact, they didn't have endless money to spend, nor were they bewildered by Indian curry. These Japanese car executives are much clearer than us.

Current Japanese car revenue and market share are declining. Raw material costs are soaring. Looking at the world map, finding a market that can accommodate capacity, expand share, and has gentle competition is not easy.

So, it wasn't that Japanese car companies chose India, but because they had no choice.

The Pain of Japanese Car Companies

Past Japanese cars were truly the envy of others.

Ask old drivers who drove Japanese cars over ten years ago, talking about Japanese cars, almost no one doesn't give a thumbs up, cheap price, fuel saving, durable...

Even many Japanese cars needed to be bought at a markup, but who would think this iron fortress would be beaten out of sight in a few short years.

With the wave of new energy vehicles coming, electrification and intelligence became the goal for many domestic car companies to "leapfrog". Relying on China's strong new energy vehicle industry chain advantages and car companies' own persistence on R&D and technology, Chinese independent brands quickly achieved "leapfrogging".

Domestic cars once criticized are now becoming more and more common on the roads, even surpassing joint ventures in share.

According to CPCA data, in April 2026, the share of independent brands reached as high as 62.5%, far exceeding Japan's 13.1%.

You need to know, the Chinese car market is the largest car market in the world. Losing speed in the Chinese market is like losing a huge piece of cake.

Meanwhile, the main theme of the Chinese market in recent years is still price wars. Racing on configuration, price, and service has become a normal state, which also had a huge impact on Japanese cars' profits.

Apart from China, Japanese cars are also not doing well in the US.

On January 20, 2025, Trump swore in as the 47th US President, starting a series of chaotic operations, including imposing additional car tariffs in the name of national security, causing the tariff rate for imported Japanese cars to reach as high as 27.5% at one point. Although it decreased later, it was still far higher than the initial tax rate.

This operation directly led to a tariff loss of over 2 trillion yen for seven Japanese car companies in fiscal year 2025.

Looking at Japan itself, it is actually not easy either.

Middle East geopolitical conflicts blocked shipping in the Strait of Hormuz, transportation costs and raw material costs soared, Japanese car companies also had to suffer in silence.

Executives looking at the reports, their backs went cold, only to find a new growth curve.

So, Japanese car companies didn't fall in love with India, there was nowhere else to go.

Deep Thought on Choosing India

So, what magic does India have, to make Japanese car companies invest heavily?

The first advantage is big. In 2025, the Indian car market achieved 5.517 million new car sales, up 6% year-on-year, breaking the historical record, ranking as the third largest car market in the world, exceeding Japan for four consecutive years, second only to China and the United States.

The value of this doesn't need me to say much. India achieved this result mainly because India has been promoting tax reduction policies to promote consumption, which led to a significant increase in domestic consumption willingness.

The second advantage is close, meaning it is close to places where Japanese cars sell well, such as Africa.

So, India for Japanese car companies is more like a convenience store built in the center of a crossroad. You don't need to ship cars to eight countries separately, just build well at this stop in India, then unload ship by ship, and you can save a lot of costs.

The Nikkei also believes that India is expected to become its global car supply center.

The third advantage is stability. You know, Japanese cars' advantage is fuel cars, after all, the three major components of engines, gearboxes, and chassis, they have played for many years, technology accumulation is number one in the world.

But the Chinese car market has fully promoted electrification and intelligence development, leading to Japanese cars' advantage becoming weaker and weaker, impossible to play out. But India is different, it has the characteristics of few charging piles and slow electrification process. Indian old people buying cars still look for cheap, fuel saving, easy to fix, and these three points are exactly Japanese cars' old trade.

Especially Suzuki, always been India's car market evergreen, almost always sitting on the best-selling model throne, reputation of being worry-free, better than any advertisement.

So, Japanese car companies' vigorous layout of the Indian market is obviously carefully considered.

But, is the Indian market really that easy to mix?

The Hard-to-Bite Indian Market

Of course, India is not perfect like a hot commodity, its disadvantages are as obvious as its advantages, and every one is enough for Japanese car companies to face a hard time.

First talk about electrification. Yes, right now India has few charging piles and electric cars don't sell well, it is indeed a shelter for Japanese fuel cars. But you have to think, how long can this "shelter" avoid?

India previously shouted the slogan of 30% of new cars being electric vehicles by 2030. Although it sounds like bragging, but can't help but they really give subsidies, really build charging stations.

Imagine, what if one day India suddenly wakes up, starts vigorously promoting electrification, doing infrastructure, charging piles popping out like mushrooms after rain, then Japanese cars will be dumbfounded?

Isn't this a version of the Thai market?

Back then Japanese cars in Thailand won easily. The entire Southeast Asian market was called Japanese cars' backyard. Result Thailand took the lead in promoting electrification. Chinese electric vehicles came in, directly became a hot commodity. Look at Japanese cars again, share in Thailand falling down rapidly.

If India accelerates electrification, history will likely repeat, and this time, Japanese cars don't even have a place to flee, how to prevent will become the first problem for Japanese car companies.

Next talk about policy. India's policy is like a pot of curry, you never know if you will eat chicken or potato next time.

This magical country, today low tariff encourages building factories, tomorrow may fine you a huge amount. What's more annoying is mandatory joint venture. Foreign car companies want to sell cars in India, have to find local partners to partner up. When your factory is built, supply chain is done, India directly backstabs you. At that time whether adding money or withdrawing capital, what you get is heartache.

So you see, this market like India is like a mango that looks very sweet, bite the first mouth it's okay, chew two more mouths hit the hard core.

Japanese cars now is calculating, while the core hasn't bit the tooth, hurry up to nibble a few more mouths, but the core will bite sooner or later, just don't know which day.

Epilogue

Japanese cars this trip to India, not go for tourism, is go to make a living.

Chinese and Southeast Asian dining tables are more crowded, production and transportation costs have risen. Looking around the world, only this pot in India is still steaming, even if what is boiling inside is curry-flavored stones, have to bite hard and chew down.

Japanese car companies want to expand market, India wants to pull economy, solve employment, both sides have their own thoughts.

As for the ending is Japanese cars in India regain their glory, or like past competitors shamefully walk away, then is not known.

But no matter how, this play just started, we slowly watch is okay.

Anyway India's story, never bored.

你睇過印度嘅馬路嗎？

我喺網上見過。

畫面通常係咁，一輛轎車俾牛尾擋住，旁邊仲有亂竄嘅摩托，甚至周圍仲有賣奶茶嘅小夥，嗰叫一個“乾淨又衛生”。

然而，喺呢啲睇完好多人覺得生理不適嘅地方，豐田、鈴木、本田等日本車廠，卻決定將籌碼押落印度。

據印度“品牌質量基金會”網站顯示，三家車廠將喺印度投資近110 億美元建廠、提產能、搞出口。

對此有网友表示，三家日本車廠係咪錢多到無處花？

事實上，佢哋唔係錢多到花唔完，亦唔係被印度嘅咖哩蒙蔽咗心竅，呢啲日本車廠高層遠比我哋清醒。

而家嘅日系車，營業額、市場份額都喺下滑，原材料成本仲係升得飛起，打開世界地圖，搵一個能夠容納產能、拓充份額、競爭溫和嘅市場，唔係咁容易嘅事。

所以，唔係日本車廠選擇咗印度，而係因為冇得揀。

日本車廠之痛

曾經嘅日系車，嗰時妥妥係人哋個仔。

你問下十幾年前開過日系車嘅老司機，一提起日系車，幾乎就冇唔豎大拇指嘅，價錢平、省油、耐用又抵撞……

甚至好多日系車，仲要加價購買，但邊個諗到，呢個鐵打嘅江山，短短幾年時間就俾佢哋打得找唔著北。

隨著新能源汽車浪潮嚟到，電動化、智能化變成好多自主車廠“彎道超車”嘅目標，依托於中國強大嘅新能源汽車產業鏈優勢同車廠自身對研發、技術嘅堅持，中國自主品牌迅速實現咗“彎道超車”。

曾經被人吐槽嘅國產車，而家喺馬路越來越多人，甚至份額超越咗合資。

根據乘聯會嘅數據，喺2026 年4 月，自主品牌嘅份額已經高達62.5%，遠超日系嘅13.1%。

要知道，中國汽車市場係全球最大嘅汽車市場，喺中國市場失速，就相當於丟咗一塊巨大嘅蛋糕。

同時，中國市場近年嚟嘅主旋律依舊係價格戰，捲配置、捲價格、捲服務已經成為一種常態，亦對日系車嘅利潤產生咗巨大嘅影響。

除咗中國，日系車喺美國過得亦唔太好。

2025 年 1 月 20 日，特朗普宣誓就職第 47 任美國總統，自此開啟咗一連串搞搞震，其中就包括以國家安全為理由徵收額外嘅汽車關稅，導致進口日本汽車嘅關稅稅率一度高達 27.5%，雖然後嚟有所降低，但亦遠高於最初嘅稅率。

呢個操作，直接導致七大日本車廠喺2025 財政年度嘅關稅損失超2 萬億日元。

再睇日本本土，其實亦唔容易。

中東地緣衝突導致霍爾木茲海峽航運受阻，運輸成本、原材料成本暴漲，日本車廠都有苦難言。

高管們看著報表，背後發涼，只能尋找全新嘅增長曲線。

所以，日本車廠唔係愛上印度，係冇地方去。

揀選印度嘅深思熟慮

咁，印度點解咁有魔力，先至令日本車廠重資投入呢？

第一個優勢就係大。喺2025 年，印度汽車市場取得咗551.7 萬輛嘅新車銷量，同比增長 6%，刷新咗歷史紀錄，位居全球第三大汽車市場，已经连续四年超越日本，僅次於中國同美國。

呢個含金量唔使多講啦，而印度取得呢一成績，主要係因為印度一直喺推動減稅政策，促進消費，這導致國內消費意願出現咗明顯增強。

第二個優點係近，就係離日系車賣得動嘅地方近，如非洲等其他地區。

所以，印度對於日本車廠，更似一個建喺十字路口中央嘅便利店，你唔使將車分別運去八個國家，只需要喺印度呢站造好，然後一船一船甩去，就能削減唔少成本。

《日本經濟新聞》亦認為，印度有望轉變為佢哋全球嘅汽車供應中心。

第三個優點係穩。要知道，日系車嘅優勢就係燃油車，畢竟引擎、變速箱、底盤三大件，佢哋已經玩咗好多年，技術積累喺全球都係數一數二。

但係中國汽車市場已經全力推動電動化、智能化發展，導致日系車嘅優勢越來越弱，根本無法發揮出嚟，但印度唔一樣，佢擁有充電樁少、電動化進程緩慢嘅特點，印度老百姓買車，都仲係盯住平、省油、易修，而呢三點正係日系車嘅老本行。

尤其係鈴木，一直係印度汽車市場嘅常青樹，幾乎年年穩坐暢銷車型寶座，口碑好，勝過任何廣告。

所以，日本車廠大力佈局印度市場，顯然是經過深思熟慮嘅。

但，印度市場真係咁好混咩？

難啃嘅印度市場

當然，印度亦唔係完美得似個香口格，佢嘅缺點同佢嘅優點一樣明顯，而且每一個都夠日本車廠喝一壺。

先講電動化，冇錯，眼睇下印度充電樁少、電動車賣唔動，確實係日系燃油車嘅避風港。但你得諗諗，呢個“避風港”能避幾耐？

印度此前可係喊出咗 2030 年電動車佔新車 30% 嘅口號，雖然聽落似吹水，但抵唔住人哋真補錢、真建充電站。

試諗下，萬一有日印度突然開竅，開始大力推動電動化、搞基建，充電樁似雨後春筍咁冒出來，嗰日系車唔就傻眼？

呢唔係泰國市場嘅翻版咩？

當年日系車喺泰國都係躺贏，整個東南亞市場，都被稱為日系車嘅後花園，結果泰國率先推動電動化，中國電動車一嚟，直接就成咗香口格，再睇日系車，喺泰國嘅市場份額嘩嘩嚟咗落。

如果印度係電動化一加速，歷史大概率會重演，而而家呢次，日系車連逃嘅地方都快冇咗，點樣預防，將成為日本車廠嘅首要問題。

再講政策，印度嘅政策就似一鍋咖哩，你永遠唔知下一口食到係雞肉定係馬鈴薯。

呢個魔幻嘅國家，今日係低關稅鼓勵建廠，明日就可能罰你一筆巨款，更令人頭痛嘅係強制合資，外國車廠想喺印度賣車，要搵本地夥伴搭檔，等你工廠建好咗、供應鏈搭完咗，印度直接背刺你，到嗰陣無論係加錢定撤資，換嚟嘅都係心痛。

所以你看，印度呢個市場，就好似一個睇落好甜嘅芒果，咬落去第一口仲行，再啃幾口就摸著硬核。

日系車而家嘅算盤係，趁住核都未硌牙，趕緊多啃幾口，但核遲早會硌到，只係唔知係邊一日。

尾聲

日系車呢趟印度之旅，唔係去旅遊，係去搵食。

中國同東南亞嘅飯桌更擁擠，生產、運輸嘅成本又提高咗，放眼全球，就印度呢口鍋仲冒住熱氣，哪怕入面煮嘅係咖哩味嘅石頭，都要硬著頭皮啃落去。

日本車廠想擴大市場，印度想嘅係拉動經濟、解決就業，雙方都有各自嘅心思。

至於結局係日系車喺印度重新封神，定係好似當年嘅部分友商一樣灰溜溜走人，那就唔知啦。

但無論點樣，呢場戲先至開始，我哋慢慢睇就得啦。

反正印度嘅故事，從來唔會悶。

唔知有幾多朋友最近期關注 10 萬內純電 SUV 市場？近段時間睇嚟，呢個細分市場好熱鬧。就講長安啟源全新 Q05 同零跑 A10，上個月銷量分別達 15814 輛同 14372 輛，全部挺進 2026 年 4 月銷量排行全品類前 10，長安啟源全新 Q05 甚至奪得緊緊湊型純電 SUV 市場嘅銷冠。

（長安啟源全新 Q05）

值得留意係，兩款大熱門產品亮點亦唔少，9 萬級可以得到 500km+嘅續航，零跑 A10 甚至配備激光雷達，有高級智駕輔助需求嘅朋友嚟講，呢架車吸引力的確唔低。但係喺價格上，同為高配嘅長安啟源全新 Q05 506Max+ 同零跑 A10 505 激光雷達版，終端價格分別係 9.59 萬同 8.68 萬，手握 9 萬左右預算嘅朋友都可以考慮。明顯係，又去到決賽圈二揀一環節。

（零跑 A10）

如果對預算比較敏感，咁喺長安啟源全新 Q05 同零跑 A10 之間，後者可能更受歡迎，畢竟終端價格實打實平咗幾千元。而且，高配 A10 配有激光雷達，市區/高速情況均能啟動領航輔助駕駛，呢個就係佢嘅優勢所在。當然，如果預算允許，揀長安啟源全新 Q05 高配，都有帶激光雷達嘅高級輔助駕駛。

（長安啟源全新 Q05）

但既然係買車前嘅橫評，唔少全方位對比。首先從尺寸睇，作為緊湊型 SUV，長安啟源全新 Q05 長寬高分別係 4435*1855*1595mm，軸距為 2735mm。而零跑 A10 車型級別就係小型 SUV，長寬高分別係 4270*1810*1635mm，軸距為 2605mm。

（零跑 A10）

如果只係考慮代步、通勤，零跑 A10 嘅細個嘅略有優勢，方便行街串巷。但實際上，好多人買車都要兼顧家用，10 萬內預算也多以剛需用車群體為主。既然係剛需，且有家用需求，嗰空間自然唔好掉鏈子。

（長安啟源全新 Q05）

（零跑 A10）

講返日常家庭出行嚟講，兩車之間 130mm 軸距差異，直接反映喺後排體驗。坐入長安啟源全新 Q05 後排，腿部空間平整兼寬敞，一齊坐 3 位成年人都唔會太擠；但係坐入零跑 A10 後排，無論坐寬定係腿部空間都會細少少。媽咪喺後排照顧孩子，長安啟源全新 Q05 後排更加寬敞嘅空間會更加方便佢操作，孩子都能有更大嘅活動空間。

（長安啟源全新 Q05）

（零跑 A10）

除咗空間，通勤黨同家庭用戶對舒適配置都比較關注。睇嚟對比，兩車都有配電動尾門、無匙進入、自適應遠近光等外部配置。但係從車廂內睇，零跑 A10 副駕無法電動調節，後排靠背都唔支援角度調節，同埋缺少後排空調出風口、車內 PM2.5 過濾裝置等。

（長安啟源全新 Q05）

（零跑 A10）

反觀長安啟源全新 Q05，除咗副駕支持電動調節，前排仲集成咗加熱/通風/按摩/副駕腿托功能，對比零跑 A10 只提供前排座椅加熱，佢嘅品質無疑更上一層樓。包括後排乘員都有少少照顧，例如靠背角度可調、配有後排空調出風口、後排中央扶手/杯架等，更加適合家人同行呢類場景。

（長安啟源全新 Q05）

（零跑 A10）

除咗舒享體驗，行駛系統嘅對比我哋都唔好忽略。首先從大家關注嘅續航睇，長安啟源全新 Q05 同零跑 A10 分別搭載 51.9kWh、53kWh 電池，CLTC 純電續航做到 506km、505km，差異大可忽略。但從電芯供應鏈睇，前者出自寧德時代，後者就係國軒高科/江蘇正力，若論品牌含金量，“寧王”順位自然靠前，更值得信賴。另外，兩車都有全球品質，按照全球嚴苛嘅標準打造，零跑 A10 符合國內、歐盟雙標準，長安啟源全新 Q05 已經喺泰國上市，未來仲會相繼落地多個國家地區，最終開拓歐洲區域，此外仲有央企背書，質量品質都好可靠。

因為本文討論嘅係 A10 嘅 505 版本，採用電池液冷技術，溫控較好，而如果係 403 版本，採用成本低嘅風冷技術，散熱效果較差。呢點上，全新 Q05 做得更好，入門就採用電池直冷技術，高配用嘅係液冷技術，能更好地實現熱管理，保證電池安全。

（長安啟源全新 Q05）

（零跑 A10）

動力方面，長安啟源全新 Q05 同零跑 A10 都係前置單電機佈局，電機最大動力輸出分別係 120kW/190N·m、90kW/150N·m，0-100km/h 加速時間分別做到 8.9 秒同 10.6 秒。坦率嚟講，兩款車喺純電陣營加速性能都中規中矩；但係相對嚟講，長安啟源全新 Q05 嘅 8 秒級零百加速，喺山路行駛、高速超車等情況下會比零跑 A10 更加分。

（長安啟源全新 Q05）

（零跑 A10）

總結嚟講，零跑 A10 505 激光雷達版優勢突出：價格更低、智駕輔助覆蓋範圍更廣，適合預算優先 + 科技嘗鮮嘅消費者。而長安啟源全新 Q05 更強調“全面”二字：加少少預算同樣可以獲得高級輔助駕駛，而且尺寸更大、舒適配置更高、採用頭部電芯供應鏈，動力亦更強，綜合表現更全能。總括嚟講，預算 9 萬級追求面面俱到嘅家用體驗，長安啟源全新 Q05 506Max+ 更加值得考慮。

BYD officially released the May 2026 production and sales flash report, with new energy vehicles from all brands reaching a monthly sales volume of 383,453 vehicles, a slight increase of 0.26% year-on-year, achieving year-on-year positive growth in monthly sales after ten months; among them, passenger car deliveries reached 376,990 units, surging 19.4% month-on-month, wiping out the pain of previous model iterations, presenting a new pattern where the domestic base is stable, overseas sales are soaring, and high-end brands are scaling up across the board. Amidst the market environment of intensified competition in the domestic new energy sector, Tesla FSD entering China, and an intense launch of independent new products, it has forged a unique structural growth path.

Eight Models Break 20,000 Monthly Sales, Song and Yuan Brands Stabilize at 50,000

The Dynasty and Ocean main brands combined sold 330,215 vehicles in May, accounting for over 80% of the group's total sales, remaining the stabilizer for BYD's sales volume. The full series had 8 models exceeding 20,000 units in monthly sales, covering products from 50,000 entry-level commuter to 200,000 home SUV.

Inside the Dynasty Network, the Yuan family sold 56,691 units, and the Song family 51,370 units. Both crossed the 50,000 threshold, becoming two major sales pillars for the brand, catering to home commuter and urban-rural travel needs; the Qin family followed closely with a stable performance of 28,360 units. The Han and Tang series maintained a volume in the six-thousand range, deeply cultivating the mid-to-large home sedan and SUV niche markets; the brand new model Xia is in the market cultivation phase, delivering 1,810 units monthly, with potential for steady volume growth as channels expand.

The Ocean Network's growth momentum is even more rapid, with 5 models entering the 20,000 club across the series: Sealion 42,615 units, Seal 34,117 units, Seagull 39,919 units, Dolphin 22,260 units, and Song PLUS 27,755 units. Among them, Seagull remains the best-selling entry-level commuter model thanks to its affordable pricing of 60,000-80,000. Sealion, as a new volume model, stands firm at the 40,000 level upon launch, filling the mid-size SUV product gap in the Ocean Network and perfecting the Ocean product tier layout. From commuter small cars to compact SUVs, the two main brands rely on DM-i hybrid and pure electric dual-line technologies to牢牢锁住 the mainstream home market share within 150,000 domestically.

Fang Cheng Bao Year-on-Year Surges 139.7%, Brand Upward Positioning Takes Effect

The high-end matrix of Denza, Fang Cheng Bao, and Yangwang sold a combined 46,489 vehicles in May, officially breaking away from the niche positioning to become a new pivot for BYD's brand premium and profit growth, breaking the industry curse of difficulty in high-end breakthrough for domestic brands.

The off-road brand Fang Cheng Bao sold 30,186 units monthly, surging 139.7% year-on-year, creating a new high in monthly sales since the brand launched. Its Titanium 7 model sold 18,280 units monthly, while Leopard 5 and Leopard 8 output remained stable, continuously squeezing the survival space for joint venture and imported models in the 250,000-400,000 hardcore off-road niche market.

Denza delivered 16,303 units in May, with the MPV benchmark D9 selling 6,721 units, and the Z9 series close to 6,000 units. MPV and mid-to-large sedan dual-line efforts helped them stand firm in the luxury new energy track; the million-level ultra-luxury brand Yangwang continued its steady climb, delivering 286 units that month, a year-on-year increase of 105.8%, completing market verification of the domestic brand ceiling product and forming a full price range product layout from 100,000+ home, 300,000-400,000 off-road, 500,000 luxury MPV to million-level flagship.

Overseas Explosion: 160,600 Units in Single Month, Accounting for Over 40% of Total Sales, Becomes Second Growth Curve

In May, BYD's overseas sales of passenger cars and pickup trucks reached 160,177 units, surging 80.7% year-on-year. Exports accounted for over 42% of the full series total sales, setting a new historical high for brand export and becoming the core driving force to stabilize May overall sales and achieve year-on-year positive growth.

Southeast Asia, Europe, and Latin America became the main incremental markets. Seagull, Song PLUS, and Yuan series continued to top new energy best-seller lists in multiple countries; the SHARK pickup truck exceeded 4,000 units in monthly exports for two consecutive months. Relying on the completion of localization production in Thailand, Brazil, Hungary, and Uzbekistan with four overseas vehicle factories, localized production continues to land, avoiding tariffs while rapidly penetrating terminal channels. Against the background of stock market competition in the domestic auto industry and normalized price wars, the rapidly expanding overseas market effectively counteracts sales volatility brought by domestic model iterations, officially upgrading from a supplementary market to BYD's core growth engine. As of now, BYD's global cumulative new energy vehicle sales have exceeded 16.5 million units, with the globalization map continuously broadening.

Intelligent Driving Empowers Product Iteration, H2 New Products Prepare to Surge Volume

May marked a key node in BYD's intelligent driving landing, with the God's Eye intelligent driving system becoming a core bonus point for models: the number of vehicles with advanced intelligent driving across all brands exceeded 3.15 million, with daily road test data exceeding 200 million kilometers; that month, BYD implemented City Pilot and Smart Parking dual safety backup services, becoming the world's first auto manufacturer to achieve dual intelligent driving backups. Three days after policy implementation, the activation rate of models equipped with the God's Eye system in cities surged 50%. Intelligent driving experience upgrades directly drove in-store order conversion, solidifying product competitiveness for subsequent models to continue volume sales, and facing the intelligent driving market shock brought by FSD entering China.

From data details, BYD's cumulative sales from January to May 2026 were 1,405,039 units, down 20.32% year-on-year. The core reason is that the full series of main models were concentratedly iterated, and the capacity ramp-up of the 2nd Gen Fast Charge Blade Battery was restricted. The new Flash Charge Battery upgraded fast charging and low-temperature performance. Full series iteration models prioritized installing new batteries, but production line retrofitting dragged down capacity release. Order backlogs on popular models and delayed deliveries compressed the May delivery volume to a certain extent.

As the end of the second quarter approaches and the 2nd Gen Blade Battery capacity continues to release, coupled with new models such as Denza N8L, Fang Cheng Bao Titanium 7 Pure Electric Version, Sealion 05, and Xia L landing the market, the industry generally predicts that BYD's full brand sales in June are expected to exceed 400,000 vehicles. Relying on the four-dimension development logic of low-end volume locking share, high-end raising profit, overseas pushing volume, and intelligence improving product power, amidst the intensified new energy elimination round in the domestic market, BYD's full category layout advantage continues to amplify, securing its status as the domestic new energy leader, accelerating steadily towards global top auto manufacturers.

本月初，丰田自动织机正式从东京和名古屋证券交易所退市，成为丰田不动产直接控股的子公司。而丰田不动产是丰田家族的非上市核心平台，其董事长正是丰田章男。

丰田自动织机退市通知

经过近一年的谈判运作，丰田家族以每股20600日元的最终报价完成收购，收购总额为5.9万亿日元（折合人民币约2500亿元）。这笔交易创下日本企业并购史的规模之最。

多年来，丰田自动织机一直作为丰田汽车的零部件供应商，生产纺织机械、叉车、并组装部分车型，包括热销全球的RAV4。从体量上看，尽管丰田自动织机的利润与营收仅为丰田汽车的一小部分，但这家名不见经传的公司无论在血统、资本纽带上还是其在供应链上的位置，都有着不容忽视的影响力。

资料显示，1926年，丰田佐吉创立丰田自动织机，生产织布机以满足日本工业化浪潮下纺织业的旺盛需求；1933年，丰田自动织机内部设立汽车事业部，由其子丰田喜一郎负责；1937年，汽车业务独立拆分，丰田汽车正式成立。

丰田佐吉

如今，丰田自动织机为丰田生产发动机缸体、空调压缩机、氢燃料电池部件。纺织机械的精密制造技术可迁移至汽车零部件与燃料电池领域，使其成为丰田电动化及氢能转型的关键环节。

丰田自动织机选择在这样一个时间点退市合并，一方面是东京证券交易所（TSE）在推进治理改革，严厉督促各大蓝筹企业必须在今年加速清理降低资本效率的交叉持股；另一方面，则是丰田章男在退出日常经营之后，为家族后续的权力交接做准备。

尽管丰田发言人否认丰田章男试图加强对丰田集团的控制，表示“丰田章男先生投资的目的，是以长期资本提供者的身份支持这一架构，而非对管理层施加控制。”但在外界看来， 私有化丰田织机是巩固其影响力，试图让丰田章男及其家族继续掌控部分资产。

驻香港的日本股市独立分析师特拉维斯・伦迪谈到这笔收购案时表示：“这里面大有文章，丰田章男会为丰田家族创造价值。”伦迪称，丰田章男在特殊目的公司中的持股以及交易结构，将赋予其巨大控制权，并可能根据后续安排让家族变得“极其富有”。

今年4月，丰田汽车新任社长从佐藤恒治换成了丰田章男的核心盟友兼前秘书近健太（Kenta Kon），同时，丰田章男37岁的儿子丰田大辅（Daisuke Toyoda）正在丰田旗下未来移动出行及智能化技术研发公司Woven by Toyota担任高级副总裁，深度主导丰田在软件定义汽车、自动驾驶及智慧城市领域的转型，他被外界视为丰田未来的社长候选人。即便未能如愿，丰田家族仍希望确保在丰田汽车的未来中拥有话语权。

丰田大辅

对于丰田章男而言，无论是确保近健太的稳健辅佐，还是为丰田大辅未来的接班做铺垫，完成对丰田自动织机的巨额收购都是关键一步，以奠定其最终遗产。这或许也是丰田章男自卸任日常经营、担任董事长以来，一直在思考的问题。

交叉持股的掣肘

长久以来，丰田的权力版图中一直存在着一种极为微妙的反向寄生关系。此前，丰田汽车是丰田自动织机的“子公司”，历经近百年发展，汽车业务成长为全球第一大车企，体量、营收、影响力彻底反超母体，形成罕见的子强母弱、身份倒置格局。

从股权本源来看，私有化之前的丰田自动织机与丰田汽车形成了稳固的双向交叉持股结构：丰田汽车持有丰田自动织机约24%股份，是其最大的单一股东；丰田自动织机反向持有丰田汽车约9%的股份，是丰田汽车第一大非信托法人股东。

丰田集团复杂的交叉持股结构

这种股权结构让丰田自动织机与丰田汽车交叉制衡、双向牵制、权责模糊。两者同为上市公司，均拥有独立股东利益诉求，彼此之间存在多方利益牵制与博弈。

丰田自动织机在完成收购之前，除了有丰田汽车及电装、爱信等丰田系核心关联企业持股，还有包括华尔街激进对冲基金埃利奥特（Elliott Investment Management）在内的外部独立股东，持股比例约为25%。

这些外部股东可以通过丰田自动织机反向影响丰田汽车战略决策，职业经理人团队也可以依托上市治理规则与外部股东支持，拥有极大的经营与路线话语权，最终令整个集团决策效率低下，也让丰田家族在决策过程中受到限制。

事实上，埃利奥特正是本次收购案中与丰田集团博弈的关键角色。

丰田家族最初的私有化要约价格为每股16300日元，按当时汇率折合总对价约4.7万亿日元。这个价格在当时低于丰田自动织机的公开市场收盘价，外部股东认为丰田严重低估了自动织机的资产价值。

埃利奥特计算，仅丰田自动织机持有的丰田汽车股份，连同其持有的电装、爱信等股份，资产总价值一度几乎等同于丰田自动织机自身的总市值，税后清算价值就高达5万亿日元。按照丰田最初给的估值，甚至连这些股票的价值都不够，相当于把织机庞大的实体叉车业务“白送”给了丰田家族。这家对冲基金声称，丰田直接从中小股东手里偷走了2.2万亿日元的价值。

为此，埃利奥特在公开市场暗中疯狂吸筹，一度手握丰田自动织机7.1%的股份，成为该公司的最大独立外部股东。

不仅如此，埃利奥特还在公开报告中指出，正是因为丰田内部这种封闭、不透明的交叉持股结构，才导致了公司治理的彻底失效。他们警告东证所和日本经济产业省（METI），如果任由丰田以如此不公的价格强行私有化，将是对日本企业治理改革的重大羞辱。这给极度看重国际声誉的丰田章男带来了巨大的政治压力。

丰田集团不得不在随后的博弈中两次加价，多掏了一万多亿日元，才促使这些外部股东接受要约离场。

家族企业的权力焦虑

从被迫下台到“大政奉还”

付出高达5.9万亿日元的沉重代价后，这场博弈最终为丰田家族换来了一个更加平稳的底层控制权。

随着丰田自动织机告别公开市场，延续数十年的双向交叉持股格局彻底斩断。丰田家族重构了自身、丰田自动织机、丰田汽车与丰田集团的四层权力关系，也终结了职业经理人、外部资本对集团核心战略的制衡能力，为丰田下一个百年的技术路线、治理模式与家族传承牢牢锁定主动权。

斯坦福法学院教授柯蒂斯・米尔豪普特（Curtis Milhaupt）指出，在新架构下，有丰田家族掌控的平台可以几乎不需要公开披露或审批，就能对上市的丰田汽车施加底层影响。

按照市场分析人士的推演，私有化重组完成后的丰田自动织机将逐步出售其持有的丰田汽车股份，甚至可能分拆纺织和叉车等传统实体业务，将剩余的主体纯粹转变为一个非公开的纯粹控股公司。尽管丰田发言人目前否认了这一转型计划，但底层的资本架构已经搭建完毕。

回顾丰田家族近百年的发展史，这种对集团的绝对掌控并非与生俱来，其中经历数次起落，也有过被迫放权、权力旁落，被资本和外姓人支配的阴影。

战后经济萧条期，丰田汽车陷入破产边缘并爆发大规模工人罢工。为了获得银行的贷款和资金援助，债权银行要求丰田进行彻底的重组，包括将销售部门与制造部门分离，并要求管理层承担责任。丰田喜一郎被迫引咎辞职，由石田退三接任总经理以重组丰田。两年后丰田喜一郎因脑溢血猝逝。

上世纪90年代到21世纪初，丰田喜一郎的次子丰田达郎因病突然卸任社长，而丰田章男当时资历尚浅，丰田汽车转而由以奥田硕为代表的非家族高管执掌。奥田硕大力推进全球化产能布局，主导普锐斯混动技术落地，奠定丰田全球混动霸主地位。他曾公开直言“任人唯亲在丰田未来没有位置”，试图削弱家族色彩，并将年轻的丰田章男边缘化。

90年代的职业经理人时期

职业经理人主导的时代，确实推动了丰田的全球化腾飞，但也埋下致命隐患：他们更侧重短期市场业绩、跟风行业热点，忽视家族坚守的长期技术布局；同时依托上市治理规则与交叉持股体系，逐步壮大自身派系力量，形成独立于家族的经营圈层，家族对集团技术路线、核心战略的话语权持续弱化。

这一阶段，丰田家族成员全面退出一线经营，仅保留名义上的荣誉地位，直接持股比例持续稀释，丰田章男个人持股至今不足0.2%，家族权力跌至百年低谷。

直到2008 年雷曼兄弟危机爆发，丰田遭遇历史性巨亏。在舆论和集团内部对职业经理人失去信心、高呼“让创始人家族回归”的声浪中，53 岁的丰田章男正式接任社长。日本媒体普遍将此形容为“大政奉还”。

重回权力巅峰的丰田章男开启了长达二十余年的家族权力复兴之路。他以“传承丰田生产方式、坚守长期技术主义”为核心，逐步收拢权力，之后也成为集团内不折不扣的“造王者”。尽管丰田发言人表示丰田章男未参与更换社长的决定，但丰田章男之后的两任社长皆为其嫡系盟友。

作为一个不断向现代化靠拢的企业，丰田汽车的官方公关辞令一再强调，高管始终基于“知人善任”而非接班计划。但正如官方媒体《丰田时报》在专访中所写的那样：丰田章男其实是漫长家族遗产的延续。

这场千亿人民币的收购案，既是追溯也是展望，它奠定的是丰田家族对百年帝国的权力基台。无论未来坐在社长椅子上的人姓什么，这个庞大企业的底层钥匙，已经赶在百年大庆之前，被安全地送回了丰田汽车最初诞生的那个地方。

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用車成本同可靠性，係普通家庭選車嘅重中之重，這都係 BJ30 旅行家嘅一大亮點。此前南非、印尼、阿聯酋、波蘭、墨西哥五國汽車博主跨地域實測，呢台車百公里油耗均控制在 5 升以內，一箱油續航可突破 1,000 公里，徹底扭轉咗大眾“方盒子車款必定高油耗”嘅刻板印象。低油耗大幅降低日常通勤成本，而首任車主整車終身質保政策、充足嘅配件供應同簡便嘅保養流程，進一步減少咗後期用車顧慮。此外，官方曾經對行駛 15 萬公里嘅車輛進行拆解檢測，發動機、變速箱、底盤、電池包等核心部件狀態依然良好，用真實數據證明咗整車嘅耐久品質，亦回應咗消費者對國產車長期可靠性嘅擔憂。

喺定價策略上，BJ30 旅行家同樣貼合主流家庭消費能力。全系推出 3 萬元置換政策，超級置換價 6.99 萬元起，以親民門檻推動“越野平權”，讓更多普通家庭能夠接觸並擁有輕越野車款。縱觀當下輕越野市場，20 萬元以上嘅硬派方盒子受眾面較窄，而 7 萬至 10 萬元區間先至係家庭購車嘅主力戰場，BJ30 旅行家扎根呢個價格帶，以越級嘅配置、全面嘅性能，拉開咗差異化競爭優勢，這亦係其銷量快速突破 15 萬輛嘅重要原因。

BJ30 旅行家嘅成長軌跡，亦係國產輕越野 SUV 發展嘅一個縮影。如今國產方盒子車款已經全面主導細分市場，合資品牌優勢不再，而市場競爭亦由早期嘅“顏值比拼”轉向“綜合實力較量”——油耗、空間、可靠性、性價比、售後服務，每一項都成為用戶選車嘅重要標準。北京越野倚靠六十餘年嘅越野技術積澱，沒有盲目堆砌硬核配置，反而回歸用戶本身，將專業越野技術下放至家用車款，打造出“可城可野、經濟實用”嘅產品，呢種“技術普惠”嘅思路，恰好契合咗當下全民嚮往戶外生活、追求多元出行嘅消費潮流。

成都門店 31,800 輛嘅交付里程碑，係區域市場深耕細作嘅成果；15 萬輛整車下線，則係全國市場全面開花嘅見證。對於 BJ30 旅行家而言，銷量數字唔係終點，而係市場對產品力同品牌理念嘅認可。喺輕越野賽道日益擁擠嘅當下，唯有堅守用戶需求，持續打磨產品、優化服務，才能喺市場中站穩腳跟。而隨著大眾戶外出行需求唔斷提升，兼顧實用同樂趣嘅輕越野 SUV，亦必將迎來更廣闊嘅發展空間。

根據官方數據，2026 年 5 月，深藍汽車全球銷量為 33,243 輛，同比增長 30%，連續 3 個月穩定喺「月銷 3 萬 +」俱樂部。1 至 5 月累計銷量 130,531 輛，同比增長 15%，全球累計交付量已突破 85 萬輛。

就喺幾個月前，深藍仲被銷量下滑、利潤虧損嘅陰雲籠罩，甚至被質疑能否喺「內捲」加劇嘅市場中活落嚟。從被唱衰到連續月銷破 3 萬，深藍到底靠乜嘢完成咗這次逆襲？

站喺懸崖邊嘅「3 萬俱樂部」

就喺幾個月前，深藍仲係被唱衰聲包圍嘅典型範本。

2026 年一季度，深藍銷量同比下滑超 17%，前兩個月交付持續承壓，1 月交付量環比下降，2 月甚至未直接公佈全系銷量。

橫向對比更顯尷尬——同期理想、蔚來、問界均保持正增長，就連長安體系內嘅兄弟品牌啟源都喺 2 月交出 1.83 萬輛、環比大漲 96.3% 嘅成績單，深藍嘅「掉隊」顯得格外刺眼。

比銷量更棘手嘅係盈利困境。2025 年深藍汽車全年虧損 8.99 億元，近四年累計虧損逾 80 億元；阿維塔同期淨虧損約 29.5 億元，2022 年至 2025 年上半年累計虧損已超 113 億元。

兩大「吞金獸」拖累母公司長安汽車呈現「增收不增利」——2025 年營收同比微增，歸母淨利潤卻同比下滑 44.34%；2026 年一季度淨利潤更係同比驟降 74.09%。

更令人擔心嘅係品牌內耗。深藍與啟源喺 11 萬至 15 萬元價格區間形成直接競爭，兩者同源長安 EPA 技術平台，啟源 A06 與深藍 L06 上市僅差 8 日，起售價卻低咗近 3 萬元。

圖片來源：深藍

長安嘅算盤係透過差異化定位實現市場全覆蓋，啟源主打家庭用戶，以高性價比嘅 800V 快充切入；深藍瞄準年輕消費群體，強調運動化設計同無框車門等個性元素。但市場反應並唔買賬：消費者眼中，同一口鍋入面加咗唔同調味料嘅「兩種麵」，好難被當作唔同嘅菜系。

長安董事長朱華榮嘅比喻——「豌豆麵同雜醬麵唔排斥」，喺殘酷嘅銷量數據面前顯得理想化。當行業價格戰已將整個汽車行業嘅利潤率拉低至 3.2%，任何一個子品牌嘅資源錯配或同室操戈，都可能成為壓垮集團嘅最後一根稻草。深藍正站喺這樣嘅懸崖邊上。

逆風翻盤靠乜嘢

轉折出現喺 2026 年 3 月。深藍以 31,742 輛、環比大漲 87.8% 嘅成績迅速逆轉局面，此後兩個月連續守住 3 萬 + 門檻。這一反攻主要由三個變數驅動。

最核心嘅變數係深藍 S05。這款緊湊型 SUV 喺價格與配置之間搵到咗精准嘅平衡點。620km CLTC 續航、全系標配 3C 超充、搭配寧德時代電芯，同時以 2880mm 嘅長軸距實現咗接近中型 SUV 嘅乘坐空間，純電版仲具備 159L 同級領先嘅前備箱。

圖片來源：深藍

喺 10 萬至 15 萬元呢個神仙打架嘅核心戰場，S05 以無邊框車門嘅高顏值設計吸引年輕用戶，4 月全球銷量 17,269 輛，同比增長 96.1%，上市以來月均銷量破萬，累計銷量超 20 萬輛。

對於一個「賣一輛虧一輛」嘅行業來說，一款真正被市場買單嘅走量產品，至少意味著虧損逐步收窄，深藍 2025 年同比減虧超過 50%，S05 嘅規模化貢獻無疑問係關鍵因素。

智能化係深藍拿到手嘅第二張牌。2026 年 6 月 13 日，全新深藍 S07 增程版上市，售價 15.99 萬元起，搭載華為乾崑智駕 ADS Pro，首次將高級智駕下放俾呢個價位段。

呢套系統覆蓋城區同高速全場景 NOA，配備 27 個傳感器感知方案，百公里饋電油耗低至 3.8L，CLTC 純電續航最高達 300 公里。

深藍嘅選擇好清晰：喺智能輔助駕駛已成購車決策真實變數嘅市場入面，直接用華為二字嘅信任背書打穿用戶心智。憑藉搭載華為激光雷達嘅版本持續走俏，深藍 S07 自上市以來累計銷量已超 30 萬輛。

圖片來源：深藍

第三條途徑係渠道與出海嘅雙重突圍。4 月，深藍同京東達成戰略合作，深藍 L06 增程版成為京東獨家銷售嘅「國民好車 2.0」。用戶喺京東 APP 可一鍵完成睇車、預約、下單、支付全流程，享受 120 分鐘上門深度試駕服務，借助京東數億用戶流量同成熟電商體系，快速拓寬品牌觸達範圍，降低獲客成本。

深藍 L06 增程版純電續航 245km、綜合續航 1505km，喺京東獨家銷售後迅速起量，4 月單月訂單突破 10,000 輛，實際銷量 5,189 輛，連續兩個月穩定喺 5,000 輛以上。

海外市場則提供咗更大嘅想像空間。1 至 5 月深藍海外累計銷量 28,704 輛，同比增長 167%。核心車款深藍 S05 喺歐洲售價 3.899 萬至 4.499 萬歐元，進入歐洲、東南亞等 66 個國家同地區，右舵版已開始喺泰國羅勇工廠投產，仲被引入巴基斯坦作為首款本土組裝嘅增程式電動 SUV。喺多個海外市場，深藍嘅銷量穩居前例，成為品牌嘅長期增長動力。

相比年初嘅焦慮局面，如今嘅深藍已喺「3 萬 +」俱樂部站穩腳跟。不過，真正嘅考驗先至開始——點樣擺脫「賣得多虧得少但仍喺虧」嘅窘境，點樣喺長安體系內與阿維塔嘅整合中各自揀準定位，都需要喺下一個增長階段畀出答案。用產品說話，用銷量回應質疑，深藍只係行完第一步。

Folks, today let's talk about big news on going global—not selling cars, but selling "drivers". On June 2, WeRide and Uber jointly announced a plan: to launch the country's first commercial Robotaxi pilot service in Madrid, Spain. In other words: Spanish residents will soon be able to hail a driverless taxi via Uber. This is the first time WeRide and Uber are partnering to enter the European market. Madrid also becomes the 12th city globally where WeRide's Robotaxi arrives.

According to official news, with the support of the Madrid regional government, this service will officially launch within this year. At that time, friends in Madrid can open the Uber App and call WeRide's Robotaxi with one click. It's just like calling an ordinary ride-hailing service, the difference is the arriving car has no driver—at least initially, there is still a difference. In the initial operation phase, a professionally trained safety monitor will be on board, as it's just launched, safety comes first.

This company, WeRide, you might have heard of it, or you might not. A brief introduction: Established in 2017, it has been dedicated to Robotaxi technology R&D and commercialization. Currently, its Robotaxis cover Guangzhou, Beijing, Singapore, Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Riyadh, Zurich... plus Madrid now, totaling 12 cities. Spain is also the 5th European market WeRide has entered—previously entered Switzerland, France, Belgium, Slovakia. According to the plan agreed by WeRide and Uber in May 2025, they plan to deploy Robotaxi services in 15 new international cities within five years, deploying tens of thousands of Robotaxis globally. With the Madrid launch, the deployment in 4 cities has been completed, and 11 more will be covered successively before 2030.

To be honest, it's not the first time Chinese autonomous driving companies are going global, but the combination of Chinese technology + global mobility platform + European market is quite interesting. Madrid is one of the European Robotaxi markets with the most commercial potential, with a large population, high travel demand, and friendly local policies. Being able to take root in this market is a significant milestone for WeRide. For Uber, introducing Robotaxis is also a way to reduce costs—after all, drivers don't need salaries. For Madrid residents, hailing a taxi might be cheaper in the future.

呢係最好嘅時代，呢係最壞嘅時代。

近日，中國汽車流通協會數據發布咗一組令人揪心嘅數據，4 月中國汽車經銷商庫存預警指數為 62.1%，喺榮枯線之上；同時存貨係數亦喺上升，4 月汽車經銷商綜合存貨係數為 1.89。有業界人士指出，存貨長期高企會佔用經銷商營運資金，增加其利息支出同流動性風險，或會加劇經銷商同主機廠之間嘅矛盾。

唔單單如此，唔止乘用車遭重擊，中汽協發布嘅最新數據為商用車行業亦敲響咗警鐘——其整體存貨係數已升至 1.8 嘅警戒線以上，部分重卡細分市場存貨週期超過 90 日。為消化存貨，新一輪價格戰喺多個區域悄然打響，終端優惠幅度再度擴大。

作為長期關注汽車產業嘅媒體，汽車有文化喺呢場不斷蔓延嘅價格競爭中，睇到一個跨越 170 多年嘅歷史鏡像——1854 年，查爾斯・狄更斯喺《艱難時世》中寫落個被利益主導嘅「焦煤鎮」，從未真正消失。

喺全球汽車產業加速向新能源、智能化轉型，中國車企以前無人可比嘅速度駛向全球市場之際，ESG 建設早已唔係企業年報中可有可無嘅點綴，而係決定企業定唔定能穿越週期嘅核心能力。其中，供應鏈 ESG 更係連接產業上下游、決定行業健康度嘅關鍵環節。喺行業普遍陷入「以價換量」惡性循環嘅當下，福田汽車發布嘅 2025 年可持續發展報告，為我哋觀察中國商用車企業點樣破解工業文明嘅固有矛盾，提供咗一個值得深入分析嘅範本。

狄更斯式歷史嘅重演，同福田嘅破局起點

狄更斯喺《艱難時世》、《霧都孤兒》、《大衞・科波菲爾》等經典作品中，以近乎新聞紀實嘅筆觸，記錄工業革命初期嘅三大核心矛盾。其中，《艱難時世》中焦煤鎮嘅工場主為追求利潤最大化，將工人異化做機器嘅附屬品，展現咗資本逐利導致嘅價值扭曲；《霧都孤兒》裡底層兒童嘅悲慘命運，暴露咗勞動者尊嚴被系統性漠視嘅現實；《大衞・科波菲爾》中 10 歲嘅大衞喺洗瓶廠被剝削嘅經歷，則折射出早期產業鏈中，成本壓力單向向下傳導嘅殘酷邏輯。

呢啲 170 年前嘅矛盾，喺今日嘅汽車行業依然有清晰嘅投射。以本次探討嘅商用車行業為例，2024-2025 年，商用車市場嘅價格戰持續升級，部分細分市場車型終端降價幅度超過 10%。為維持自身利潤，部分頭部車企將降本壓力直接轉嫁俾上游，要求供應商年度降價幅度超過 10%。

呢種壓力層層傳導嘅結果係，傳統非核心零組件企業平均利潤率被壓縮至 3% 以下，大量中小企業喺盈虧線上掙扎，下游渠道端亦同樣承受壓力。中國汽車流通協會數據顯示，2025 年全國商用車經銷商虧損面達 52.6%，新車銷售業務利潤貢獻為 -22.3%；而處於產業鏈最末端嘅貨車司機，更加係承受住運價持續下跌嘅壓力，部分短途城配路線運費已跌至 0.8 元/公里，中長途幹線運輸平均運價較 2020 年下降 42%。

呢種「上游擠利潤、下游壓價格、終端受擠壓」嘅模式，正喺侵蝕整個行業嘅長期競爭力。當然，福田汽車同樣身處呢個行業大環境中，其 2025 年嘅海外出口 16.4 萬輛，創下歷史新高，但亦面臨住歐盟 CBAM 碳關稅、歐美市場日益嚴格嘅供應鏈 ESG 審查等多重挑戰；喺新能源轉型過程之中，行業平均三電系統成本佔比超過 40%，亦同樣面臨住降本壓力。

但與多數企業唔同嘅係，福田汽車冇選擇將壓力單向轉嫁俾產業鏈上下游，而係將全鏈條 ESG 建設作為破局嘅核心抓手，試圖探索一條更可持續嘅發展路徑。

福田嘅實踐，用全價值鏈共贏回應歷史命題

狄更斯作品嘅當代價值喺於，佢始終提醒我哋發展嘅終極目的係人，而唔係利潤。福田汽車構成嘅覆蓋「上游供應商 - 中游製造 - 下游經銷商 - 終端用戶」嘅全價值鏈 ESG 體系，恰好回應咗狄更斯當年提出嘅三個核心命題。

針對資本逐利導致嘅價值扭曲，福田透過綠色協同構建共生型供應鏈。據悉，公司建立咗供應商全生命週期 ESG 管理體系，將環境、社會同治理指標納入供應商准入、審核、評價同退出嘅全流程。2025 年，福田完成咗 58 家綠色供應商認證，覆蓋引擎、變速箱、車橋等核心模塊。

同單純壓低採購價格唔同，福田透過技術賦能同資源共享協助供應商降本增效，其中最具代表性嘅係供應商屋頂光伏計劃，2025 年協助 283 家供應商建成咗總計 1901 兆瓦嘅光伏發電設施，直接降低咗合作夥伴嘅能源成本，同時推動咗整個產業鏈嘅低碳轉型。

針對產業鏈利益分配失衡，福田則透過生態賦能打造利益共同體。面對經銷商普遍面臨嘅生存困境，福田喺 2025 年完成咗 1658 家經銷商嘅轉型培訓，創新推出「生態店、智慧店、零售店」三級渠道體系，並建成 8 家經銷商生態港。

呢個體系幫助經銷商從單一嘅整車銷售商，轉型為集「銷售 + 充換電 + 二手車 + 租賃 + 維修保養」於一體嘅綜合服務商，為佢哋開拓咗多元盈利渠道。同時，福田同所有供應商簽訂《廉政承諾書》，建立咗相對公平透明嘅合作機制，保障咗產業鏈各環節嘅合理利益。

此外，針對勞工尊嚴嘅缺失，福田將人本關懷貫穿全鏈條。喺企業內部，福田推行工學改善計劃，喺輪胎組裝、電池安裝等重體力崗位引入定製省力機械臂同液壓升降台，令重型物料手動搬运量同比下降 30%。

喺供應鏈端，福田要求所有供應商嚴格遵守勞動法規，2025 年重點供應商合規同質量培訓覆蓋率達 100%。喺終端，福田透過捐贈支持「貨車司機護航」專項行動，關注物流從業者嘅生存狀況。呢啲措施，體現咗企業對產業鏈上每一個勞工嘅尊重。

以人為本，中國汽車出海嘅正確姿態

事實上，隨住中國車企加速全球化佈局，我哋面臨嘅並非只係「價格為王」嘅競爭格局，而係正進入一個「合規即競爭力」嘅新時代。

歐盟《企業可持續發展盡職調查指令》(CSDDD) 明確要求，企業必須對其整個供應鏈嘅人權同環境影響負責，違規者將面臨全球營業額 5% 嘅罰款；2026 年正式實施嘅歐盟碳邊境調節機制 (CBAM)，更加係將碳排放成本直接納入進口商品嘅價格體系。這意味著，傳統依靠低成本擴張嘅發展模式已經難以為繼，供應鏈 ESG 能力正成為中國車企進入國際市場嘅通行證。

福田汽車嘅前瞻性佈局，使其喺全球化競爭中获得咗一定嘅先發優勢。據悉，透過全價值鏈 ESG 建設，福田提前滿足咗主要海外市场嘅合規要求：喺歐洲，福田純電動輕卡、VAN 車型獲得 WVTAEU 整車型式認證，呢係歐洲市場嘅最高門檻之一；再加上歐盟重型車碳排 VECTO 認證，呢就意味著福田嘅碳數據已經得到咗歐洲監管機構嘅認可，成功駛入歐洲綠色交通體系。

除此之外，福田汽車亦深深獲得咗全球合作夥伴嘅認可：喺泰國、巴西、南非嘅本土工廠順利投產，全球第 1200 萬輛整車喺巴西工廠下線；喺澳洲同非洲市場，福田獲得咗批量新能源客車訂單；喺中東，向沙特客戶集中交付咗 1000 輛定製校車。

有行業分析人士指出，福田汽車嘅模式為中國商用車行業提供咗一個重要參考，供應鏈 ESG 唔係企業嘅成本負擔，而係提升產業鏈韌性同長期競爭力嘅有效手段。當企業唔再將上下游視為博弈嘅對手，而係視為共同成長嘅夥伴時，其發展嘅成果先能夠被產業鏈上嘅每一個參與者共享，整個行業先能夠實現真正嘅高質量發展。

有文話：

「呢係最好嘅時代，呢係最壞嘅時代。」狄更斯呢句名言，依然適用於今日嘅中國汽車產業。我哋擁有全球最大嘅汽車市場、最完整嘅產業鏈體系同最領先嘅新能源技術，呢係最好嘅時代；但係我哋亦面臨住價格戰內卷、供應鏈矛盾突顯、全球化合規壓力增大等多重挑戰，呢係最壞嘅時代。

170 年過去，工業文明嘅技術形態發生咗翻天覆地嘅變化，但點樣平衡資本逐利同社會公平，點樣令發展嘅成果惠及每一個人，依然係我哋需要回答嘅根本問題。福田汽車嘅實踐話畀我哋知，ESG 唔僅係數字報告，而係一種更具溫度、更可持續嘅發展理念。當越來越多嘅中國車企將以人為本嘅理念深植喺供應鏈建設之中，我哋唔單止能夠打造出更具競爭力嘅產品，更加能夠向世界輸出一種更加公平、更具包容性嘅產業文明，令中國汽車以「中國方案」真正響誉全球。（撰稿人丨歐陽）

唔知有幾多朋友最近期關注 10 萬內純電 SUV 市場？近段時間睇嚟，呢個細分市場好熱鬧。就講長安啟源全新 Q05 同零跑 A10，上個月銷量分別達 15814 輛同 14372 輛，全部挺進 2026 年 4 月銷量排行全品類前 10，長安啟源全新 Q05 甚至奪得緊緊湊型純電 SUV 市場嘅銷冠。

（長安啟源全新 Q05）

值得留意係，兩款大熱門產品亮點亦唔少，9 萬級可以得到 500km+嘅續航，零跑 A10 甚至配備激光雷達，有高級智駕輔助需求嘅朋友嚟講，呢架車吸引力的確唔低。但係喺價格上，同為高配嘅長安啟源全新 Q05 506Max+ 同零跑 A10 505 激光雷達版，終端價格分別係 9.59 萬同 8.68 萬，手握 9 萬左右預算嘅朋友都可以考慮。明顯係，又去到決賽圈二揀一環節。

（零跑 A10）

如果對預算比較敏感，咁喺長安啟源全新 Q05 同零跑 A10 之間，後者可能更受歡迎，畢竟終端價格實打實平咗幾千元。而且，高配 A10 配有激光雷達，市區/高速情況均能啟動領航輔助駕駛，呢個就係佢嘅優勢所在。當然，如果預算允許，揀長安啟源全新 Q05 高配，都有帶激光雷達嘅高級輔助駕駛。

（長安啟源全新 Q05）

但既然係買車前嘅橫評，唔少全方位對比。首先從尺寸睇，作為緊湊型 SUV，長安啟源全新 Q05 長寬高分別係 4435*1855*1595mm，軸距為 2735mm。而零跑 A10 車型級別就係小型 SUV，長寬高分別係 4270*1810*1635mm，軸距為 2605mm。

（零跑 A10）

如果只係考慮代步、通勤，零跑 A10 嘅細個嘅略有優勢，方便行街串巷。但實際上，好多人買車都要兼顧家用，10 萬內預算也多以剛需用車群體為主。既然係剛需，且有家用需求，嗰空間自然唔好掉鏈子。

（長安啟源全新 Q05）

（零跑 A10）

講返日常家庭出行嚟講，兩車之間 130mm 軸距差異，直接反映喺後排體驗。坐入長安啟源全新 Q05 後排，腿部空間平整兼寬敞，一齊坐 3 位成年人都唔會太擠；但係坐入零跑 A10 後排，無論坐寬定係腿部空間都會細少少。媽咪喺後排照顧孩子，長安啟源全新 Q05 後排更加寬敞嘅空間會更加方便佢操作，孩子都能有更大嘅活動空間。

（長安啟源全新 Q05）

（零跑 A10）

除咗空間，通勤黨同家庭用戶對舒適配置都比較關注。睇嚟對比，兩車都有配電動尾門、無匙進入、自適應遠近光等外部配置。但係從車廂內睇，零跑 A10 副駕無法電動調節，後排靠背都唔支援角度調節，同埋缺少後排空調出風口、車內 PM2.5 過濾裝置等。

（長安啟源全新 Q05）

（零跑 A10）

反觀長安啟源全新 Q05，除咗副駕支持電動調節，前排仲集成咗加熱/通風/按摩/副駕腿托功能，對比零跑 A10 只提供前排座椅加熱，佢嘅品質無疑更上一層樓。包括後排乘員都有少少照顧，例如靠背角度可調、配有後排空調出風口、後排中央扶手/杯架等，更加適合家人同行呢類場景。

（長安啟源全新 Q05）

（零跑 A10）

除咗舒享體驗，行駛系統嘅對比我哋都唔好忽略。首先從大家關注嘅續航睇，長安啟源全新 Q05 同零跑 A10 分別搭載 51.9kWh、53kWh 電池，CLTC 純電續航做到 506km、505km，差異大可忽略。但從電芯供應鏈睇，前者出自寧德時代，後者就係國軒高科/江蘇正力，若論品牌含金量，“寧王”順位自然靠前，更值得信賴。另外，兩車都有全球品質，按照全球嚴苛嘅標準打造，零跑 A10 符合國內、歐盟雙標準，長安啟源全新 Q05 已經喺泰國上市，未來仲會相繼落地多個國家地區，最終開拓歐洲區域，此外仲有央企背書，質量品質都好可靠。

因為本文討論嘅係 A10 嘅 505 版本，採用電池液冷技術，溫控較好，而如果係 403 版本，採用成本低嘅風冷技術，散熱效果較差。呢點上，全新 Q05 做得更好，入門就採用電池直冷技術，高配用嘅係液冷技術，能更好地實現熱管理，保證電池安全。

（長安啟源全新 Q05）

（零跑 A10）

動力方面，長安啟源全新 Q05 同零跑 A10 都係前置單電機佈局，電機最大動力輸出分別係 120kW/190N·m、90kW/150N·m，0-100km/h 加速時間分別做到 8.9 秒同 10.6 秒。坦率嚟講，兩款車喺純電陣營加速性能都中規中矩；但係相對嚟講，長安啟源全新 Q05 嘅 8 秒級零百加速，喺山路行駛、高速超車等情況下會比零跑 A10 更加分。

（長安啟源全新 Q05）

（零跑 A10）

總結嚟講，零跑 A10 505 激光雷達版優勢突出：價格更低、智駕輔助覆蓋範圍更廣，適合預算優先 + 科技嘗鮮嘅消費者。而長安啟源全新 Q05 更強調“全面”二字：加少少預算同樣可以獲得高級輔助駕駛，而且尺寸更大、舒適配置更高、採用頭部電芯供應鏈，動力亦更強，綜合表現更全能。總括嚟講，預算 9 萬級追求面面俱到嘅家用體驗，長安啟源全新 Q05 506Max+ 更加值得考慮。

港交所網站掛出一咗一份熟悉嘅招股書。

5 月 28 日，繼去年 10 月首次遞表失效後，智能駕駛解決方案提供商蘇州天瞳威視電子科技股份有限公司（天瞳威視）再次向港股主板發起重衝，由匯豐及華泰國際聯席保薦。

喺智能駕駛賽道從「講故事」轉向「拼量產」嘅 2026 年，天瞳威視嘅二次遞表唔單止係一次資本試探，更係一場關於中國智駕供應商生存現狀嘅集中檢閱。

呢間被認為係「算力效率派」代表嘅公司，一邊連住從采埃孚到上汽、北汽嘅豪華產業資本陣營，一邊卻面臨住現金流緊繃、海外明顯回落嘅現實困境。喺呢場 IPO 嘅博弈中，光鮮同陣痛並存。

01

邊個係「天瞳威視」？

天瞳威視嘅創辦人王曦係一位典型嘅「回國」技術派。佢畢業於北京航空航天大學，後喺英國雷丁大學攻讀計算機科學博士學位。

喺決定創業之前，王曦曾經喺汽車零部件供應商天合汽車（TRW）及采埃孚擔任算法工程師同技術負責人，深度參與咗早期 ADAS 系統嘅開發。

2016 年，王曦捕捉到國內汽車智能化嘅風口，回國喺蘇州創立咗天瞳威視，定位係「以軟件算法驅動智能駕駛」嘅本土解決方案提供商。

公司嘅名字「天瞳」寓意「天之眼」，意在打造車輛感知萬物嘅視覺中樞。佢從最初嘅視覺感知算法起步，逐步擴展至行泊一體域控制器、L4 級自動駕駛系統等軟硬件結合嘅整體方案。

天瞳威視融資情況。資料來源：企查查

成立後不久，天瞳威視就獲得德聯資本、盛世投資嘅天使輪融資。此後十年時間，天瞳威視累計完成咗超過 10 輪融資，融資總額近 10 億元。

從招股書披露嘅股權結構嚟睇，天瞳威視構建咗深度綁定嘅「產業 + 資本」生態圈。

一方面，產業夥伴站台，全球汽車零部件巨頭采埃孚唔單止係其 C 輪領投方，亦係其戰略合作夥伴，持有天瞳威視 6.93% 嘅股份，位列第四大股東；國內方面，上汽集團通過上汽北美產投持股，北汽集團通過北汽產投佈局其中，地平線同商湯科技亦係戰略投資者。

另一方面，地方國資護航，唐山機器人基金、吳中金控等國資背景基金喺 D 輪及 D+ 輪入場，提供咗約 5.23 億元嘅資金支持。

截至最後實際可行日期股權架構

截至目前，王曦透過直接持股同員工持股平台合共控制公司約 40.84% 嘅權益，依然保持住對公司嘅控制權。

02

「兩條腿」行路

天瞳威視喺業務佈局上採取咗「雙軌並行」嘅策略。

喺 L2-L2+ 級輔助駕駛領域，天瞳威視嘅選擇非常務實。佢並冇盲目追逐算力堆疊嘅「軍備競賽」，而係走咗一條高性價比路線。

作為典型嘅視覺派智駕供應商，佢喺 L2 量產方案上以視覺感知為主，融合毫米波雷達同超聲波雷達，能夠喺較低算力平台上實現高級功能。例如，基於地平線 J6B 芯片（約 20TOPS）嘅方案即可支持行泊一體、高速 NOA。

呢種打法擊中咗 10 萬 -20 萬級主流車款對成本敏感嘅痛點。根據灼識諮詢嘅數據，按 2024 年裝機量計，天瞳威視係中國第二大同時提供行車同泊車解決方案嘅以軟件為核心嘅 L2-L2+ 級方案提供商，市場份額為 14.3%。

2024 年中國具備行泊一體能力嘅以軟件為核心供應商格局

截至最後實際可行日期，天瞳威視獲得 23 個汽車品牌嘅 198 款車款嘅 L2-L2+ 級解決方案定點函，並實現 6 個汽車品牌嘅 105 款車款嘅量產；獲得定點函嘅 198 款車款中有 87 款覆蓋海外市場，其中 59 款已實現量產。

但值得注意嘅係，L2-L2+ 市場正在經歷劇烈嘅「紅海化」。

一方面，經緯恆潤、福瑞泰克等本土 Tier1 正在加速追趕；另一方面，部分頭部車廠開始將低階智駕方案從外購轉為內部集成。

天瞳威視能否維持佢喺「性價比方案」領域嘅領先地位，取決於佢能否持續保持算法對低算力平台嘅優化能力，而這需要喺研發投入上持續加碼。

喺高級 L4 級自動駕駛領域，天瞳威視更多扮演「先鋒」角色。這亦係佢近兩年增長最快嘅板塊。

早在 2019 年，佢就參與咗上海洋山港嘅 5G 智能重卡項目。目前佢嘅 L4 方案覆蓋 Robobus、Robotaxi 同 Robotruck。其中，Robobus 係佢最具代表性嘅產品線，已喺蘇州、天津等城市嘅公開道路投入常態化試營運。

2025 年，天瞳威視從 L4 級解決方案產生收入 3.75 億元，佔公司總收入嘅 68% 以上，大部分收入來自 L4 級軟件解決方案。

然而，硬幣嘅另一面係商業化嘅曲折。雖然 L4 業務營收暴增，但佢嘅交付形態目前以「軟硬件一體解決方案」為主，呢種模式本質上接近「項目制交付」或「小規模車隊部署」，與 L2 業務中「純軟件授權 + 白盒交付」嘅高毛利、大規模複製邏輯存在顯著差異。

呢就直接導致 L4 業務毛利率嘅大幅波動：喺部分自研硬件佔比较高嘅項目中，毛利率一度低至 15%。

截至遞表日，公司雖手握超 10 億元嘅 L4 意向訂單，涵蓋 2500 架車，但呢啲訂單預計要喺未來三至五年內先會陸續交付，短期內對現金流嘅改善作用有限。

此外，天瞳威視仲有部分應收來自工程服務，主要涉及道路測試、數據收集支援及數據標註服務以及公司嘅專有工具鏈。

03

財務嘅雙面鏡

招股書嘅財務部分，展現咗智駕行業最真實嘅「B 面」：規模同虧損嘅極限拉扯，同埋賬面現金同營運消耗之間嘅緊張博弈。

營收高增長，但結構劇烈波動。

財務數據顯示，公司嘅營收呈現爆發式增長，從 2022 年嘅 1.72 億元增長至 2024 年嘅 4.83 億元，複合年增長率高達 67.7%。2025 年全年營收進一步增長至 5.5 億元。

但收入結構嘅變化明顯。2023 年，公司依賴 L2-L2+ 業務，佔比 90.2%；去到 2024 年，L4 業務佔比升至 50.2%；2025 年，L4 業務佔比進一步拉高至 68%。呢種「斷崖式」嘅結構切換，雖然證明佢 L4 技術搵到咗落地場景，但亦令市場質疑佢 L2 業務係咪已觸及天花板。

毛利率同純利潤嘅背離，呢係天瞳威視面臨嘅最大挑戰。

從毛利睇，整體毛利率喺 30% 左右徘徊，喺呢個技術密集型嘅智駕行業屬於中等水平。但細拆睇嚟，L2-L2+ 業務嘅毛利率通常能維持喺 40% 以上，純軟件授權模式，而 L4 業務嘅毛利率則因「軟硬件一體」交付中硬件佔比提高而被顯著拉低。

從純利潤睇，雖然表面虧損額較大，2024 年虧損 4.63 億、2025 年虧損約 2 億，呢度包含大量因優先股公平值變動帶來嘅「紙面虧損」。剔除呢個因素後嘅經調整純利潤更能反映公司嘅真實經營狀況：2024 年已收窄至 -438 萬元，但 2025 年並未如市場預期實現轉正，而係錄得約 -1086 萬元，虧損較 2024 年有所擴大。

呢個背後有一個不可回避嘅關鍵前提：調整後嘅「減虧」乃至「接近盈虧平衡」，係喺公司持續壓縮研發投入嘅基礎上實現嘅，研發費用從 2024 年嘅 1.17 億元降至 2025 年嘅 9231 萬元，研發費用率從 2024 年嘅 24.3% 進一步降至 16.8%，而 2022 年呢個數字曾高達 108.7%。對於一家科技公司嚟講，研發強度嘅「退坡」是否會影響未來嘅技術護城河，係一個潛在風險點。

現金流持續告急，最令人擔憂嘅信號。

根據最新招股書，截至 2025 年 12 月 31 日，公司賬上嘅現金及現金等价物為 2.35 億元，較 2025 年 6 月 30 日嘅 3.74 億元淨減少 1.39 億元，現金消耗速度較快。

更值得警惕嘅係經營現金流由正轉負且缺口持續擴大嘅趨勢。2023 年，公司經營活動現金流淨額為正向流入 1.15 億元，但 2024 年迅速轉為淨流出 1.89 億元，2025 年進一步惡化至淨流出 2.93 億元。

與此同時，應收賬款周轉急劇惡化。公司嘅貿易應收款項從 2023 年嘅 0.89 億元升至 2025 年嘅 5.48 億元，三年增長超過五倍，而同期營收增幅僅約 2.7 倍。

更令人擔憂嘅係應收款項周轉天數從 2023 年嘅 191 天同 2024 年嘅 166 天，到 2025 年驟升至 300 天，意味著公司從完成交付到收回款項平均需要接近一年時間。呢相當於變相為客戶提供長期無息墊資，喺資金本就緊張嘅情況下進一步加劇咗流動性壓力。

此外，雖然天瞳威視係首家出海嘅中國智駕軟件供應商，但 2025 年佢嘅海外業務遭遇咗明顯回落。2023 年天瞳威視海外收入為 1.27 億元，佔總營收比重達到 62.2%；到 2025 年海外收入降至 1100 萬元，佔比僅 2.0%。

喺而家全球地緣政治複雜、部分國家對智能汽車數據監管趨嚴嘅背景下，為佢嘅全球化故事增添咗一絲不確定性。

04

結語

天瞳威視嘅二次闖關，係智能駕駛行業進入「淘汰賽」階段嘅一個縮影。

從好嘅方面睇，佢踩準咗 L2 性價比同 L4 場景化落地嘅雙重節奏，且經調整純利潤喺特定口徑下已接近盈虧平衡，呢啲都畀投資者提供咗「有亮點可講」嘅故事線。

但從風險嘅角度睇，情況遠比首次遞表時更為嚴峻。業務重心嘅急速漂移、L4 業務商業化初期嘅盈利磨難、研發投入嘅被動收縮，呢啲此前就已存在嘅問題並未緩解。

天瞳威視 L4 級智能巴士

而真正令此次 IPO 帶「求生」色彩嘅，係現金流數據嘅實質性惡化：2.35 億元嘅賬面現金，面對每年近 3 億元嘅经营性現金淨流出，安全邊際已不足一年。疊加 300 天嘅應收賬款周轉天數，意味著公司每交付一筆訂單，都要墊付近一年嘅資金成本。

換言之，天瞳威視正處喺一個危險嘅財務窗口期：賬上嘅錢僅夠維持唔足一年嘅正常運作，而 L4 業務嘅大規模交付同回款卻需要更長時間。喺呢個智駕資本熱潮退去、一級市場融資邊際收緊嘅時刻，公司已冇太多等待嘅餘地。

首次遞表失效後僅隔半年便再次衝擊港股，對天瞳威視而言，與其話係戰略選擇，唔如話係現金倒逼下嘅必然之舉。

Have you ever seen the roads in India?

I've seen them online.

The scene is usually like this: a sedan blocked behind a cow, motorcycles running wild nearby, even milk tea vendors nearby, so "clean and hygienic".

However, in a place where many feel physically uncomfortable after watching, Toyota, Suzuki, Honda and other Japanese car companies decided to bet on India.

According to the Indian "Brand Quality Foundation" website, the three car companies will invest nearly $11 billion to build factories, increase capacity, and develop exports in India.

Some netizens commented: Did the three Japanese car companies have too much money?

In fact, they didn't have endless money to spend, nor were they bewildered by Indian curry. These Japanese car executives are much clearer than us.

Current Japanese car revenue and market share are declining. Raw material costs are soaring. Looking at the world map, finding a market that can accommodate capacity, expand share, and has gentle competition is not easy.

So, it wasn't that Japanese car companies chose India, but because they had no choice.

The Pain of Japanese Car Companies

Past Japanese cars were truly the envy of others.

Ask old drivers who drove Japanese cars over ten years ago, talking about Japanese cars, almost no one doesn't give a thumbs up, cheap price, fuel saving, durable...

Even many Japanese cars needed to be bought at a markup, but who would think this iron fortress would be beaten out of sight in a few short years.

With the wave of new energy vehicles coming, electrification and intelligence became the goal for many domestic car companies to "leapfrog". Relying on China's strong new energy vehicle industry chain advantages and car companies' own persistence on R&D and technology, Chinese independent brands quickly achieved "leapfrogging".

Domestic cars once criticized are now becoming more and more common on the roads, even surpassing joint ventures in share.

According to CPCA data, in April 2026, the share of independent brands reached as high as 62.5%, far exceeding Japan's 13.1%.

You need to know, the Chinese car market is the largest car market in the world. Losing speed in the Chinese market is like losing a huge piece of cake.

Meanwhile, the main theme of the Chinese market in recent years is still price wars. Racing on configuration, price, and service has become a normal state, which also had a huge impact on Japanese cars' profits.

Apart from China, Japanese cars are also not doing well in the US.

On January 20, 2025, Trump swore in as the 47th US President, starting a series of chaotic operations, including imposing additional car tariffs in the name of national security, causing the tariff rate for imported Japanese cars to reach as high as 27.5% at one point. Although it decreased later, it was still far higher than the initial tax rate.

This operation directly led to a tariff loss of over 2 trillion yen for seven Japanese car companies in fiscal year 2025.

Looking at Japan itself, it is actually not easy either.

Middle East geopolitical conflicts blocked shipping in the Strait of Hormuz, transportation costs and raw material costs soared, Japanese car companies also had to suffer in silence.

Executives looking at the reports, their backs went cold, only to find a new growth curve.

So, Japanese car companies didn't fall in love with India, there was nowhere else to go.

Deep Thought on Choosing India

So, what magic does India have, to make Japanese car companies invest heavily?

The first advantage is big. In 2025, the Indian car market achieved 5.517 million new car sales, up 6% year-on-year, breaking the historical record, ranking as the third largest car market in the world, exceeding Japan for four consecutive years, second only to China and the United States.

The value of this doesn't need me to say much. India achieved this result mainly because India has been promoting tax reduction policies to promote consumption, which led to a significant increase in domestic consumption willingness.

The second advantage is close, meaning it is close to places where Japanese cars sell well, such as Africa.

So, India for Japanese car companies is more like a convenience store built in the center of a crossroad. You don't need to ship cars to eight countries separately, just build well at this stop in India, then unload ship by ship, and you can save a lot of costs.

The Nikkei also believes that India is expected to become its global car supply center.

The third advantage is stability. You know, Japanese cars' advantage is fuel cars, after all, the three major components of engines, gearboxes, and chassis, they have played for many years, technology accumulation is number one in the world.

But the Chinese car market has fully promoted electrification and intelligence development, leading to Japanese cars' advantage becoming weaker and weaker, impossible to play out. But India is different, it has the characteristics of few charging piles and slow electrification process. Indian old people buying cars still look for cheap, fuel saving, easy to fix, and these three points are exactly Japanese cars' old trade.

Especially Suzuki, always been India's car market evergreen, almost always sitting on the best-selling model throne, reputation of being worry-free, better than any advertisement.

So, Japanese car companies' vigorous layout of the Indian market is obviously carefully considered.

But, is the Indian market really that easy to mix?

The Hard-to-Bite Indian Market

Of course, India is not perfect like a hot commodity, its disadvantages are as obvious as its advantages, and every one is enough for Japanese car companies to face a hard time.

First talk about electrification. Yes, right now India has few charging piles and electric cars don't sell well, it is indeed a shelter for Japanese fuel cars. But you have to think, how long can this "shelter" avoid?

India previously shouted the slogan of 30% of new cars being electric vehicles by 2030. Although it sounds like bragging, but can't help but they really give subsidies, really build charging stations.

Imagine, what if one day India suddenly wakes up, starts vigorously promoting electrification, doing infrastructure, charging piles popping out like mushrooms after rain, then Japanese cars will be dumbfounded?

Isn't this a version of the Thai market?

Back then Japanese cars in Thailand won easily. The entire Southeast Asian market was called Japanese cars' backyard. Result Thailand took the lead in promoting electrification. Chinese electric vehicles came in, directly became a hot commodity. Look at Japanese cars again, share in Thailand falling down rapidly.

If India accelerates electrification, history will likely repeat, and this time, Japanese cars don't even have a place to flee, how to prevent will become the first problem for Japanese car companies.

Next talk about policy. India's policy is like a pot of curry, you never know if you will eat chicken or potato next time.

This magical country, today low tariff encourages building factories, tomorrow may fine you a huge amount. What's more annoying is mandatory joint venture. Foreign car companies want to sell cars in India, have to find local partners to partner up. When your factory is built, supply chain is done, India directly backstabs you. At that time whether adding money or withdrawing capital, what you get is heartache.

So you see, this market like India is like a mango that looks very sweet, bite the first mouth it's okay, chew two more mouths hit the hard core.

Japanese cars now is calculating, while the core hasn't bit the tooth, hurry up to nibble a few more mouths, but the core will bite sooner or later, just don't know which day.

Epilogue

Japanese cars this trip to India, not go for tourism, is go to make a living.

Chinese and Southeast Asian dining tables are more crowded, production and transportation costs have risen. Looking around the world, only this pot in India is still steaming, even if what is boiling inside is curry-flavored stones, have to bite hard and chew down.

Japanese car companies want to expand market, India wants to pull economy, solve employment, both sides have their own thoughts.

As for the ending is Japanese cars in India regain their glory, or like past competitors shamefully walk away, then is not known.

But no matter how, this play just started, we slowly watch is okay.

Anyway India's story, never bored.

Folks, today let's talk about big news on going global—not selling cars, but selling "drivers". On June 2, WeRide and Uber jointly announced a plan: to launch the country's first commercial Robotaxi pilot service in Madrid, Spain. In other words: Spanish residents will soon be able to hail a driverless taxi via Uber. This is the first time WeRide and Uber are partnering to enter the European market. Madrid also becomes the 12th city globally where WeRide's Robotaxi arrives.

According to official news, with the support of the Madrid regional government, this service will officially launch within this year. At that time, friends in Madrid can open the Uber App and call WeRide's Robotaxi with one click. It's just like calling an ordinary ride-hailing service, the difference is the arriving car has no driver—at least initially, there is still a difference. In the initial operation phase, a professionally trained safety monitor will be on board, as it's just launched, safety comes first.

This company, WeRide, you might have heard of it, or you might not. A brief introduction: Established in 2017, it has been dedicated to Robotaxi technology R&D and commercialization. Currently, its Robotaxis cover Guangzhou, Beijing, Singapore, Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Riyadh, Zurich... plus Madrid now, totaling 12 cities. Spain is also the 5th European market WeRide has entered—previously entered Switzerland, France, Belgium, Slovakia. According to the plan agreed by WeRide and Uber in May 2025, they plan to deploy Robotaxi services in 15 new international cities within five years, deploying tens of thousands of Robotaxis globally. With the Madrid launch, the deployment in 4 cities has been completed, and 11 more will be covered successively before 2030.

To be honest, it's not the first time Chinese autonomous driving companies are going global, but the combination of Chinese technology + global mobility platform + European market is quite interesting. Madrid is one of the European Robotaxi markets with the most commercial potential, with a large population, high travel demand, and friendly local policies. Being able to take root in this market is a significant milestone for WeRide. For Uber, introducing Robotaxis is also a way to reduce costs—after all, drivers don't need salaries. For Madrid residents, hailing a taxi might be cheaper in the future.

On May 28, 2026, SAIC held a "Global 100 Millionth User Vehicle Handover Ceremony" at the North Bund in Shanghai. Over a dozen brands under its umbrella and 19 car models handed over vehicles in relay from domestic to overseas markets. SAIC has become the first automotive group in China to exceed 100 million cumulative production and sales, making history in China's automotive industry.

From "Phoenix" to "IM", the history of Chinese automotive struggle behind 100 million vehicles

The story of SAIC begins in 1955, when it was called Shanghai Internal Combustion Engine Parts Manufacturing Company. In 1958, workers hammered out the first "Phoenix" sedan, and Shanghai finally could make sedans on its own. For more than 70 years, SAIC has witnessed China's automotive industry starting from zero and becoming increasingly strong: The Santana rolled off the assembly line in 1983, opening the joint venture era; Shanghai GM was established in 1997 and completed construction and production in just 23 months, known as the "Shanghai Speed"; The independent brand Roewe was launched in 2006; In 2016, the world's first Internet car Roewe RX5 was made; In 2020, the high-end smart electric brand IM was established.

Throughout this journey, SAIC has always adhered to a concept: "Knows cars better, understands you even better". Simply put, technology must be solid, but more importantly, users must enjoy driving and using it comfortably. From Santana localization to Joint Venture 2.0 technology cooperation, from Internet cars to full-by-wire chassis, solid-state batteries, and AI large models on board, every progress is to turn high technology into tangible driving experiences. 100 million vehicles are also 100 million units of user trust.

The 100 Millionth Vehicle is IM LS9 Hyper, combining over 70 years of SAIC technology

This IM LS9 Hyper is considered the culmination of SAIC technology, representing the arrival of the "New Three Major Components" era for new energy vehicles. It is equipped with next-generation chassis technology; full-by-wire four-wheel steering is the first in its class; in terms of intelligent driving, it features a 520-line LiDAR + NVIDIA Thor chip; the three-electric system uses a full-domain 800V high-voltage platform and Stellar Super Range Extender. It also reserves upgrade capability for L3+ advanced intelligent driving in advance. In addition, it debuts the "SAIC Gold Label Hurricane Three-Motor", easily entering the 3-second club for 0-100 km/h acceleration. Even better, in cooperation with Purple Mountain Laboratories, it globally debuted "Intrinsic Security" technology, extending safety from the physical level to information and system security, which is an essential guarantee for driving in the AI era.

The 100 Millionth user is Cao Xudong, CEO of Momenta, and Momenta happens to be SAIC's core partner in the intelligent driving field. The intelligent driving technology developed by both sides has been used in multiple brands of both independent and joint ventures. "Partners become car owners", this is not just about selling cars, but also deep resonance in the intelligent automotive ecosystem.

Behind 100 million vehicles is SAIC's full-brand, global hard power

SAIC has six major sectors: whole vehicles, parts, mobility services, finance, international operations, and innovation technology, forming a complete industrial chain. In the first four months of 2026, SAIC sold a cumulative 1.302 million units, ranking first among Chinese automakers for four consecutive months. Among them, independent brands sold 910,000 units, accounting for nearly 70%; new energy vehicles sold 412,000 units; overseas sales reached 459,000 units, a year-on-year surge of 50.2%.

At the vehicle handover ceremony, SAIC's independent and joint venture brands all participated. On the independent brand side: Shangjie Z7, Huajing S, Roewe M7, MG4 Semi-Solid State Battery Edition, Wuling Xingguang 560, Maxus eDeliver5, Hongyan Heavy Truck, Yuejin Dan T1, Sunwin Pure Electric Bus, Iveco Juxing EV, etc., covering scenarios such as personal mobility, home use, commercial use, logistics, etc. Joint venture brands also showcased the achievements of "Joint Venture 2.0": Volkswagen ID. ERA 9X globally debuted the Momenta R7 Reinforced Learning World Model, delivering over 7,000 units one month after launch; AUDI E7X plans to become the first model for L3-level autonomous driving landing globally for Audi; Buick Zhijing E7 is based on the "Xiao Yao" Super Fusion Architecture, delivering over 10,000 units one month after launch.

The ceremony held Shanghai as the main venue, with the relay extending to Nanjing, Liuzhou, Taiyuan, and places like the UK, Indonesia, Singapore, etc., creating a new way for Chinese automotive brands. Behind this is SAIC's foundation of multi-year global layout: Overseas have more than 100 parts production bases, more than 3,000 dealer networks, built 3 major R&D centers such as London, and 4 manufacturing bases in Thailand, Indonesia, India, and Pakistan; Anji Logistics has 42 Ro-Ro ships, 8 international routes covering Southeast Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Currently, SAIC's products and services are distributed in over 170 countries and regions, and cumulative overseas sales have exceeded 7 million units. MG has been the European sales champion of Chinese brands for 11 consecutive years; in 2025, it sold more than 300,000 units in Europe, becoming the first Chinese brand to exceed 1 million cumulative sales in Europe and the UK. In March this year, MG held a technology day in Frankfurt, Germany, globally debuting semi-solid-state batteries and Hybrid+ hybrid technology, and the Hybrid+ family's overseas monthly sales have exceeded 20,000. In 2025, SAIC released the overseas "Glocal Strategy" (Global + Local), shifting from "Product Going Overseas" to "Value Chain Going Overseas", letting "Made in China Intelligence" go further.

100 million vehicles is the answer sheet of the past, and even more so a new starting line

100 million vehicles is a stage achievement of SAIC's 70+ years of development, and also a new starting point for the "second entrepreneurship" towards the future of intelligent electrification. In 2014, SAIC actively responded to "Developing new energy vehicles is the only way for car countries to move towards powerful countries", taking the lead in comprehensive transformation. 12 years later today, from the "leading in the pack" in intelligent electric transformation, to "ten thousand horses galloping" in independent vs joint venture, passenger vs commercial, domestic vs overseas, SAIC will continue to adhere to the concept of "Knows cars better, understands you even better", letting technological innovation truly benefit every user.

From 1955 to 2026, from the first user to the 100 millionth user, from grope start to industry leadership — SAIC will continue to accompany global users and partners on this "billion-mile journey", creating a better future for mobility together.

5 月 28 日，全新吉利星願正式上市，新車推出 410km 嚮往版、410km 乘風版、480km 探索版、480km 探索 + 版四款車型，為滿足不同用戶需求，在 410km 版型上，仍提供 310km 續航反選權益，反選後價格可減 7000 元，上市限時權益價 6.18 萬元 -9.18 萬元。值得一提的是，全新吉利星願全系續航全面升級：310 公里升級至 410 公里，410 公里升級至 480 公里。

此外，凡在 2026 年 6 月 30 日前，大訂並鎖單的用戶，可享超級置換金權益 3000 元。除此以外，全新吉利星願還有金融禮（限時 2 年 0 息）、補能禮（限時價值 3300 元充電樁及安裝服務）、精品禮（限時 400 元星願周邊好物折扣權益）等等。

值得一提的是，吉利星願 573 天交付量突破 70 萬輛，今年一季度躋身全球新能源銷量前三，是中國品牌唯一進入全球新能源汽車銷量前三的車型，同時吉利銀河品牌成為全球最快達成 200 萬輛的新能源品牌。

全新吉利星願五大升級

第一大升級，吉利全天候防滑系統 2.0；全新吉利星願在“行駛、轉向、剎車”三大核心體驗上進行全面升級，配備了吉利最新的 G-TCS 2.0 全天候防滑系統，它主打毫秒級（官方稱約 2ms）扭矩幹預，濕滑路面可降低打滑量 50% 以上，支援坡道、彎道、起步等場景防甩尾與防溜車。

TCS 2.0 全天候防滑系統新增彎道智能識別與轉向聯動，可以很好的兼顧後驅車的靈活性與新手的安全性。全新無刷轉向系統響應快 1 倍，支援三種轉向模式及轉向中位自學習；此外，吉利星願是同級唯一以 130km/h 成功挑戰魚鉤測試，及同級第一以 80.7km/h 成功通過麋鹿測試的純電小車。

第二大升級，CLTC 純電續航升級至 480km；全新吉利星願將 310 公里升級為 410 公里，410 公里升級為 480 公里，並全系搭載專屬定製的寧德時代全新一代電芯，能量密度達 190Wh/kg，最高 CLTC 續航 480km。

另外，全新吉利星願優化整車設計，配備同級唯一的主動式進氣格柵與低風阻輪轂，風阻降低 15counts，實際續航再提升 10km。

補能方面，全新吉利星願從 30%-80% 快充僅需 19 分鐘，液冷系統與全新 BMS 保障天冷天熱都能滿速充電。

第三大升級，銀河 Flyme Auto 2 智能座艙系統+Eva 大模型；全新吉利星願搭載銀河 Flyme Auto 2 智能座艙系統，基於 7nm 車規級龍鷹 1 號晶片及 16G+128G 大存儲，反應速度更快，操作更便捷。

同時，全新 AI Eva 更是用戶的隨身智慧夥伴，語音助手 Hi EVA 支援模糊指令理解及上下文記憶，可完成車控、問答、娛樂等操作。另外，車機新增支援 CarPlay 手機互聯，還有隱身模式、洗車模式、一鍵尋車等貼心場景。

第四大升級，千里浩瀚輔助駕駛 H3 方案；全新吉利星願搭載千里浩瀚輔助駕駛 H3 系統，該系統已安全行駛 13.8 億公里，支援高速高架 NOA，全場景泊車等等。

高速高架 NOA 不受道路與雨霧天氣限制，支援語音變道、多場景避讓以及自動上下匝道。泊車方面可做到全場景適配，APA 泊車輔助功能支援一鍵泊入、指尖泊車、遙控泊車，覆蓋 300 多種停車場景；同時，HPA 記憶泊車支援 2km 超長記憶、cm 級精準定位，學習一次路線後即可全程自動泊入，具備智能跟車、自主找位、遇障繞行功能。

此外，DMS 主動式疲勞檢測若檢測到駕駛員出現疲勞行為或分心駕駛，將及時提醒駕駛員。

第五大升級，三電安全 + 主被動安全；在被動安全方面，全新吉利星願打造了五縱八橫星甲籠式車身，像一件堅固又輕盈的鎧甲，前後左右都做了精心加固——前端三傳力路徑配合雙“三葉草”泄力結構，側面電池至門檻間距 149mm 並增加雙重防撞縱樑，後端 750mm 長後懸與雙“井”字形後副車架形成堅固屏障；車頂抗壓強度提升至 3.4 倍車重，AB 柱及頂蓋橫樑等核心區材料升級，即便遇到側翻或重物壓頂，座艙依然安然無恙，側氣簾保壓技術更能在翻滾時持續保護頭部。

在電池壽命方面，吉利星願的驗證標準提升至國標的 2 倍，完成 1000 次循環後電池容量仍保持 90.72%。更有實際行駛 8.4 萬公里的星願，成功挑戰海水腐蝕，泥水沖刷、爛路刮底、極限火燒等六大串行極限測試，完成行業首創。

為了進一步提升電池安全防護，全新吉利星願採用行業領先的 BDMU 高壓器件深度集成技術，把 BMS 電池管理系統和 BDU 高壓分配單元二合一，大幅減少接口，可靠性再上一個台階，從根源上降低電池密封失效的風險。

值得一提的是，5 月 12 日，吉利攜手央視完成了同級首次，也是同級唯一的正面和側面連續碰撞，高壓系統及時下電，電池包未冒煙起火，乘員艙結構完整，氣囊精準點爆，非碰撞側車門可正常開啟。此外，全新吉利星願配齊胎壓直顯、DOW 開門預警、哨兵模式，更有 AEB 主動剎車與 AES 緊急轉向雙保險，成功通過 120km/h 靜態車輛剎停和 130km/h“消失的前車”主動避讓測試，性能遠超行業主流水平。

寫在最後

自 2024 年 10 月正式上市，吉利星願累計交付量突破 70 萬輛，市場熱度不僅席捲國內，更在海外全面開花，目前已成功進駐全球 30 多個國家和地區。在巴西，上市短短兩個月銷量便超 2300 台；於泰國車展，單周訂單量達 3300 台，還一舉斬獲“巴西年度最佳緊湊型電動車”與“印尼車展最受喜愛電動車”兩項國際重磅榮譽，成為“中國智造”走向世界的鮮活名片。

全新吉利星願的進階，讓吉利銀河品牌在純電小車的賽道上再次拉高了“高質優價”的標杆。未來，吉利銀河將繼續堅守“造每個人的智能精品車”的初心，精準把握用戶最真實的需求，在各個細分市場都為用戶帶來超越期待的產品和服務。

2026 年對阿維塔嚟講，日子唔好過。港股招股書剛滿 6 個月自動失效本就引來唔少懷疑，一季度銷量唔佳以及 4 月單月同比暴跌嘅現實情況，更加令不少人認為，呢個背靠長安、華為、寧德時代三大巨頭嘅品牌，係咪已經「唔得」咗。咁，呢個曾被認為潛力無限嘅高端品牌，到底仲係咪可以「翻盤」呢？

銷量斷崖式下跌，問題出喺邊？

2025 年仲被認為接下來會風生水起嘅阿維塔，進入 2026 年以來，就一直喺「跌跟斗」。據乘聯會數據，2026 年第一季度阿維塔累計交付 11392 輛，同比暴跌 53.5%，跌幅幾乎係行業均值嘅兩倍，單月銷量仲未夠去年峰值嘅四成。如果同同期嘅理想、零跑、小米等品牌相比，差距更加係肉眼可見。

話佢哋背靠大樹好乘涼，而作為一個背靠長安、華為、寧德時代三巨頭嘅高端品牌，阿維塔點解會咁快「掉隊」呢？其實，看看阿維塔如今嘅表現，唔難發現問題。阿維塔一開始有「三巨頭」站台，「長安實力 + 華為智駕 + 寧德時代電池」三大賣點拎出嚟，還是能夠吸引一大班消費者購買。

但係而家，華為嘅技術幾乎成為全行業嘅「公共資源」，寧德時代嘅電池亦都唔係阿維塔獨有，長安仲有其他品牌需要兼顧，原本「鐵三角」嘅獨家光環逐漸被淡化，阿維塔自然冇辦法輕鬆獲得消費者支持。

當然，阿維塔可以靠自己完善嘅產品矩阵，優秀嘅服務嚟籠絡客戶。可惜嘅係，阿維塔似乎暫時仲冇呢個能力。一方面，阿維塔卡喺非常卷嘅一個價格帶，特斯拉、比亞迪、小米、極氪等品牌各有各嘅自留地，尚未打上清晰標籤嘅阿維塔想打入去实在太難。

而產品端嘅「極速換代背刺」又令用戶傷透咗心。去年發生嘅「背刺事件」相信唔少人仲有印象，阿維塔 12 四激光版上市唔久，品牌便推出搭載 896 線雙光路激光雷達、智駕性能大幅升級嘅新車型，老車主車輛瞬間貶值，二手車折價率高達 35% 至 40%，引發大規模用戶投訴與口碑崩壞。再加上 2026 年阿維塔嘅新品遲遲無上，產品節奏「斷檔」，消費者興趣寥寥，一季度嘅銷量難以為繼。

四年換咗三個董事長，呢仗點打？

銷量下滑只係表面問題，管理層持續動盪或許係早已埋落嘅「雷」。唔知大家留意到冇，由 2021 年到而家，阿維塔已經換咗三任董事長。佢係譚本宏，然後 2023 年底朱華榮親自上陣，到 2025 年 9 月，「80 後」王輝接棒，等於四年三換帥。

譚本宏時期，阿維塔走嘅係純電高端路線，結果 2023 年全年只賣咗 2.76 萬輛。銷量唔太行，阿維塔冇畀太多機會，直接換咗朱華榮接手。朱華榮嘅思路同前一任並唔相同，其上任後即刻轉向，全系上增程，並將價格下探到 20 萬級別，銷量確實拉上咗，但也背咗「降級」嘅質疑。到咗王輝呢度，開始談「反內卷」「價值躍遷」，推動「戰略 2.0」。

或許換帥嘅本意係為咗品牌越來越好，但唔同高層嘅管理理念、決策等都唔會一樣，如此頻繁地換高層，對品牌嘅影響都係顯而易見。而呢度嘅唔同亦都折射出阿維塔嘅「三角治理」問題，都知道阿維塔背靠三位大佬，但似乎好少有人諗過，利益訴求各唔相同嘅三位「大佬」，會唔會因為側重點唔同而影響阿維塔嘅正常「航線」。

每一任董事長背後站嘅係唔同嘅股東邏輯，阿維塔一會兒喺 30 萬以上「高舉高打」，一會兒推 21.99 萬嘅阿維塔 07 下探市場，過一陣新款可能又提價咗。這種反覆搖擺是否受到唔同決策者嘅影響，我哋唔知。但一個自己都搖擺唔定嘅品牌，要喺高端市場「打仗」，似乎並唔令人產生太大信心。

海外賺錢咗，但未必能「救命」

雖然國內一地雞毛，但阿維塔嘅海外業績倒係唔錯。2024 年 9 月啟動全球化以來，阿維塔已經進入 40 多個國家同地區，而且喺好幾個市場已經實現穩定盈利。喺泰國，阿維塔 11 起售價約 44.7 萬人民幣，長期霸佔高端純電銷量榜第一；喺阿聯酋，佔咗當地高端電動車 10% 嘅份額；喺新加坡，阿維塔 11 賣到 156 萬人民幣，銷量仲喺升。從佢哋海外成績上看，阿維塔嘅打法算得上成功。

但係問題係，海外呢啲量，能夠扭轉阿維塔接下來嘅局面嗎？目下睇，可能冇咁樂觀。阿維塔 2026 年海外目標 5.5 萬輛，希望到 2030 年海外佔比 40%，呢個諗法聽住唔錯，但阿維塔要真正走出虧損泥潭，月銷量要拉到 2 萬輛以上先有規模效應。海外呢啲體量，放喺更大嘅盤子度睇下，分量遠遠唔夠。

再看造血能力，阿維塔 2024 年虧損 40.18 億元，2025 年上半年虧損 15.85 億元，三年半累計虧損超過 113 億元。就算海外一年賺幾個億，面對每月虧損幾億嘅國內業務，海外嗰點利潤，可能連國內虧損嘅零頭都填唔上。

這唔係話阿維塔出海冇價值，高端定位、品牌溢價、差異化路線，呢啲方向都啱。但對於一個 2026 年一季度銷量腰斬、IPO 暫緩、百億虧損壓頂嘅品牌來說，海外而家只係加分項，好難當做救命稻草。換句話說，真正嘅翻身仗，仲係要喺國內打。而今年已經過咗幾個月，阿維塔接下來想「翻身」，恐怕都冇咁簡單。

結語

阿維塔嘅底子並唔薄，三家行業巨頭背書，海外市場亦喺持續發展，技術儲備亦都唔缺，基礎都係好好。只不過，市場競爭都幾激烈，畀阿維塔嘅窗口期越來越窄。返返頭嗰個問題：阿維塔點先可以翻身？呢個問題嘅答案而家仲未肯定。但可以預見嘅係，一季度銷量腰斬，百億虧損擺喺度，IPO 暫緩，市場競爭一日比一日狠，如果佢下半年打唔出新嘅爆款，呢啲「變量」都會壓到品牌喘唔到氣。

港交所網站掛出一咗一份熟悉嘅招股書。

5 月 28 日，繼去年 10 月首次遞表失效後，智能駕駛解決方案提供商蘇州天瞳威視電子科技股份有限公司（天瞳威視）再次向港股主板發起重衝，由匯豐及華泰國際聯席保薦。

喺智能駕駛賽道從「講故事」轉向「拼量產」嘅 2026 年，天瞳威視嘅二次遞表唔單止係一次資本試探，更係一場關於中國智駕供應商生存現狀嘅集中檢閱。

呢間被認為係「算力效率派」代表嘅公司，一邊連住從采埃孚到上汽、北汽嘅豪華產業資本陣營，一邊卻面臨住現金流緊繃、海外明顯回落嘅現實困境。喺呢場 IPO 嘅博弈中，光鮮同陣痛並存。

01

邊個係「天瞳威視」？

天瞳威視嘅創辦人王曦係一位典型嘅「回國」技術派。佢畢業於北京航空航天大學，後喺英國雷丁大學攻讀計算機科學博士學位。

喺決定創業之前，王曦曾經喺汽車零部件供應商天合汽車（TRW）及采埃孚擔任算法工程師同技術負責人，深度參與咗早期 ADAS 系統嘅開發。

2016 年，王曦捕捉到國內汽車智能化嘅風口，回國喺蘇州創立咗天瞳威視，定位係「以軟件算法驅動智能駕駛」嘅本土解決方案提供商。

公司嘅名字「天瞳」寓意「天之眼」，意在打造車輛感知萬物嘅視覺中樞。佢從最初嘅視覺感知算法起步，逐步擴展至行泊一體域控制器、L4 級自動駕駛系統等軟硬件結合嘅整體方案。

天瞳威視融資情況。資料來源：企查查

成立後不久，天瞳威視就獲得德聯資本、盛世投資嘅天使輪融資。此後十年時間，天瞳威視累計完成咗超過 10 輪融資，融資總額近 10 億元。

從招股書披露嘅股權結構嚟睇，天瞳威視構建咗深度綁定嘅「產業 + 資本」生態圈。

一方面，產業夥伴站台，全球汽車零部件巨頭采埃孚唔單止係其 C 輪領投方，亦係其戰略合作夥伴，持有天瞳威視 6.93% 嘅股份，位列第四大股東；國內方面，上汽集團通過上汽北美產投持股，北汽集團通過北汽產投佈局其中，地平線同商湯科技亦係戰略投資者。

另一方面，地方國資護航，唐山機器人基金、吳中金控等國資背景基金喺 D 輪及 D+ 輪入場，提供咗約 5.23 億元嘅資金支持。

截至最後實際可行日期股權架構

截至目前，王曦透過直接持股同員工持股平台合共控制公司約 40.84% 嘅權益，依然保持住對公司嘅控制權。

02

「兩條腿」行路

天瞳威視喺業務佈局上採取咗「雙軌並行」嘅策略。

喺 L2-L2+ 級輔助駕駛領域，天瞳威視嘅選擇非常務實。佢並冇盲目追逐算力堆疊嘅「軍備競賽」，而係走咗一條高性價比路線。

作為典型嘅視覺派智駕供應商，佢喺 L2 量產方案上以視覺感知為主，融合毫米波雷達同超聲波雷達，能夠喺較低算力平台上實現高級功能。例如，基於地平線 J6B 芯片（約 20TOPS）嘅方案即可支持行泊一體、高速 NOA。

呢種打法擊中咗 10 萬 -20 萬級主流車款對成本敏感嘅痛點。根據灼識諮詢嘅數據，按 2024 年裝機量計，天瞳威視係中國第二大同時提供行車同泊車解決方案嘅以軟件為核心嘅 L2-L2+ 級方案提供商，市場份額為 14.3%。

2024 年中國具備行泊一體能力嘅以軟件為核心供應商格局

截至最後實際可行日期，天瞳威視獲得 23 個汽車品牌嘅 198 款車款嘅 L2-L2+ 級解決方案定點函，並實現 6 個汽車品牌嘅 105 款車款嘅量產；獲得定點函嘅 198 款車款中有 87 款覆蓋海外市場，其中 59 款已實現量產。

但值得注意嘅係，L2-L2+ 市場正在經歷劇烈嘅「紅海化」。

一方面，經緯恆潤、福瑞泰克等本土 Tier1 正在加速追趕；另一方面，部分頭部車廠開始將低階智駕方案從外購轉為內部集成。

天瞳威視能否維持佢喺「性價比方案」領域嘅領先地位，取決於佢能否持續保持算法對低算力平台嘅優化能力，而這需要喺研發投入上持續加碼。

喺高級 L4 級自動駕駛領域，天瞳威視更多扮演「先鋒」角色。這亦係佢近兩年增長最快嘅板塊。

早在 2019 年，佢就參與咗上海洋山港嘅 5G 智能重卡項目。目前佢嘅 L4 方案覆蓋 Robobus、Robotaxi 同 Robotruck。其中，Robobus 係佢最具代表性嘅產品線，已喺蘇州、天津等城市嘅公開道路投入常態化試營運。

2025 年，天瞳威視從 L4 級解決方案產生收入 3.75 億元，佔公司總收入嘅 68% 以上，大部分收入來自 L4 級軟件解決方案。

然而，硬幣嘅另一面係商業化嘅曲折。雖然 L4 業務營收暴增，但佢嘅交付形態目前以「軟硬件一體解決方案」為主，呢種模式本質上接近「項目制交付」或「小規模車隊部署」，與 L2 業務中「純軟件授權 + 白盒交付」嘅高毛利、大規模複製邏輯存在顯著差異。

呢就直接導致 L4 業務毛利率嘅大幅波動：喺部分自研硬件佔比较高嘅項目中，毛利率一度低至 15%。

截至遞表日，公司雖手握超 10 億元嘅 L4 意向訂單，涵蓋 2500 架車，但呢啲訂單預計要喺未來三至五年內先會陸續交付，短期內對現金流嘅改善作用有限。

此外，天瞳威視仲有部分應收來自工程服務，主要涉及道路測試、數據收集支援及數據標註服務以及公司嘅專有工具鏈。

03

財務嘅雙面鏡

招股書嘅財務部分，展現咗智駕行業最真實嘅「B 面」：規模同虧損嘅極限拉扯，同埋賬面現金同營運消耗之間嘅緊張博弈。

營收高增長，但結構劇烈波動。

財務數據顯示，公司嘅營收呈現爆發式增長，從 2022 年嘅 1.72 億元增長至 2024 年嘅 4.83 億元，複合年增長率高達 67.7%。2025 年全年營收進一步增長至 5.5 億元。

但收入結構嘅變化明顯。2023 年，公司依賴 L2-L2+ 業務，佔比 90.2%；去到 2024 年，L4 業務佔比升至 50.2%；2025 年，L4 業務佔比進一步拉高至 68%。呢種「斷崖式」嘅結構切換，雖然證明佢 L4 技術搵到咗落地場景，但亦令市場質疑佢 L2 業務係咪已觸及天花板。

毛利率同純利潤嘅背離，呢係天瞳威視面臨嘅最大挑戰。

從毛利睇，整體毛利率喺 30% 左右徘徊，喺呢個技術密集型嘅智駕行業屬於中等水平。但細拆睇嚟，L2-L2+ 業務嘅毛利率通常能維持喺 40% 以上，純軟件授權模式，而 L4 業務嘅毛利率則因「軟硬件一體」交付中硬件佔比提高而被顯著拉低。

從純利潤睇，雖然表面虧損額較大，2024 年虧損 4.63 億、2025 年虧損約 2 億，呢度包含大量因優先股公平值變動帶來嘅「紙面虧損」。剔除呢個因素後嘅經調整純利潤更能反映公司嘅真實經營狀況：2024 年已收窄至 -438 萬元，但 2025 年並未如市場預期實現轉正，而係錄得約 -1086 萬元，虧損較 2024 年有所擴大。

呢個背後有一個不可回避嘅關鍵前提：調整後嘅「減虧」乃至「接近盈虧平衡」，係喺公司持續壓縮研發投入嘅基礎上實現嘅，研發費用從 2024 年嘅 1.17 億元降至 2025 年嘅 9231 萬元，研發費用率從 2024 年嘅 24.3% 進一步降至 16.8%，而 2022 年呢個數字曾高達 108.7%。對於一家科技公司嚟講，研發強度嘅「退坡」是否會影響未來嘅技術護城河，係一個潛在風險點。

現金流持續告急，最令人擔憂嘅信號。

根據最新招股書，截至 2025 年 12 月 31 日，公司賬上嘅現金及現金等价物為 2.35 億元，較 2025 年 6 月 30 日嘅 3.74 億元淨減少 1.39 億元，現金消耗速度較快。

更值得警惕嘅係經營現金流由正轉負且缺口持續擴大嘅趨勢。2023 年，公司經營活動現金流淨額為正向流入 1.15 億元，但 2024 年迅速轉為淨流出 1.89 億元，2025 年進一步惡化至淨流出 2.93 億元。

與此同時，應收賬款周轉急劇惡化。公司嘅貿易應收款項從 2023 年嘅 0.89 億元升至 2025 年嘅 5.48 億元，三年增長超過五倍，而同期營收增幅僅約 2.7 倍。

更令人擔憂嘅係應收款項周轉天數從 2023 年嘅 191 天同 2024 年嘅 166 天，到 2025 年驟升至 300 天，意味著公司從完成交付到收回款項平均需要接近一年時間。呢相當於變相為客戶提供長期無息墊資，喺資金本就緊張嘅情況下進一步加劇咗流動性壓力。

此外，雖然天瞳威視係首家出海嘅中國智駕軟件供應商，但 2025 年佢嘅海外業務遭遇咗明顯回落。2023 年天瞳威視海外收入為 1.27 億元，佔總營收比重達到 62.2%；到 2025 年海外收入降至 1100 萬元，佔比僅 2.0%。

喺而家全球地緣政治複雜、部分國家對智能汽車數據監管趨嚴嘅背景下，為佢嘅全球化故事增添咗一絲不確定性。

04

結語

天瞳威視嘅二次闖關，係智能駕駛行業進入「淘汰賽」階段嘅一個縮影。

從好嘅方面睇，佢踩準咗 L2 性價比同 L4 場景化落地嘅雙重節奏，且經調整純利潤喺特定口徑下已接近盈虧平衡，呢啲都畀投資者提供咗「有亮點可講」嘅故事線。

但從風險嘅角度睇，情況遠比首次遞表時更為嚴峻。業務重心嘅急速漂移、L4 業務商業化初期嘅盈利磨難、研發投入嘅被動收縮，呢啲此前就已存在嘅問題並未緩解。

天瞳威視 L4 級智能巴士

而真正令此次 IPO 帶「求生」色彩嘅，係現金流數據嘅實質性惡化：2.35 億元嘅賬面現金，面對每年近 3 億元嘅经营性現金淨流出，安全邊際已不足一年。疊加 300 天嘅應收賬款周轉天數，意味著公司每交付一筆訂單，都要墊付近一年嘅資金成本。

換言之，天瞳威視正處喺一個危險嘅財務窗口期：賬上嘅錢僅夠維持唔足一年嘅正常運作，而 L4 業務嘅大規模交付同回款卻需要更長時間。喺呢個智駕資本熱潮退去、一級市場融資邊際收緊嘅時刻，公司已冇太多等待嘅餘地。

首次遞表失效後僅隔半年便再次衝擊港股，對天瞳威視而言，與其話係戰略選擇，唔如話係現金倒逼下嘅必然之舉。